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NMAT > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

This is an unconscious wish or impulse acted upon to avoid the unpleasant feeling accompanied by it

A

Acting out

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2
Q

Extending service to others to undergo a vicarious experience

A

Altruism (Unselfishness)

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3
Q

Most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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4
Q

This is part of the CNS that has a primary role in the processing and memory of emotions. Damage to this part will render a person unable to suppress primal emotions

A

Amygdala

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5
Q

This is the belief that inanimate objects have life-like qualities and are capable of action

A

Animism

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6
Q

This is mental disorder that is characterized by self induced starvation, morbid fear of fatness, and medical s/sx of starvation

A

Anorexia nervosa

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7
Q

The inability to learn freshly presented information, that is to store it permanently and keep it available for reference

A

Anterograde amnesia

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8
Q

This is a mental disorder that realistically plans for future inner discomfort

A

Anticipation

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9
Q

This eliminates the pleasurable effects of experience

A

Asceticism

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10
Q

This is characterized by impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and inattention

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

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11
Q

This is part of the CNS that is affected in patients with Parkinson’s Disease

A

Basal ganglia

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12
Q

What four structures of the CNS is made from the telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
Corpus callosum

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13
Q

This concept states that all behaviour can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal force

A

Behaviourism

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14
Q

Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?

A

B.F Skinner

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15
Q

This concept states that all psychological events correspond to the activity in the brain and nervous system

A

Biopsychology

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16
Q

This is a defense mechanism that transiently inhibits thinking

A

Blocking

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17
Q

This is a mental disorder wherein an individual is preoccupied with one or more perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance

A

Body dysphoric disorder

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18
Q

This is a mental disorder that is classically characterized by binge eating and purging (induced vomiting)

A

Bulimia nervosa

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19
Q

This occurs during psychosexual development where a boy has an unconscious fear of losing his penis like a female

A

Castration anxiety

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20
Q

This is part of the CNS that is responsible for coordination of movements and balance

A

Cerebellum

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21
Q

This is part of the nervous system associated with higher brain functions. Examples of such are thinking, analysis, cognition, learning, and decision making

A

Cerebral cortex

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22
Q

Focusing on one characteristic and excluding others

A

Centration

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23
Q

Part of the Nervous System involved in vocalizing, mammal motor functions, emotional functions, regulating endocrine and autonomic functions, visual spatial analysis, motor output and memory.

A

cingulate gyrus

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24
Q

A form of associative learning involving temporal pairing of stimuli to bring about a conditioned response

A

classical conditioning

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25
Q

theory of development proposed by Jean Piaget

A

Jean Piaget

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26
Q

This theory emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding behavior

A

cognitive psycholo

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27
Q

stage of cognitive development where a child understands and applies logical operations and principles to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions

A

concrete operational

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28
Q

This is a defense mechanism where an individual is attempting to manage events or objects in the environment to minimize anxiety and to resolve inner conflicts.

A

controlling

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29
Q

Part of the midbrain where the processors for visual and auditory inputs are located

A

corpora quadrigemina

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30
Q

Connects the two cerebral hemipsheres

A

corpus callosum

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31
Q

[Mental Disorder] Fixed false belief

A

delusion

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32
Q

Acquired deterioration in cognitive abilities that impairs the successful performance of activities of daily living (e.g. feeding, grooming)

A

dementia

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33
Q

Refusing to admit or face a threatening situation; avoiding awareness of anxiety-provoking stimulus to protect ego

A

denial

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34
Q

a mental disorder characterized by overwhelming feeling of sadness, guilt and suffering in an extended period of time

A

depression

35
Q

Progressive increase in the individual’s capacities in terms of
maturation and learning

A

development

36
Q

Redirecting impulses (often anger) from the real target to a safer but innocent person

A

displacement

37
Q

Temporarily but drastically modifying one’s character or identity to avoid emotional distress

A

dissociation

38
Q

“Split personality”, Characterized by amnesia and fugue (inability to recall events)

A

dissociative identity disorder

39
Q

Grossly reshaping external reality to fit one’s needs and unrealistically exaggerating one’s sense of superiority and entitlement

A

distortion

40
Q

anxiety that interferes with social or occupational functioning

A

distress

41
Q

reality principle, manages the conflict between the id and the constraints of the real world (Freudian Psychology)

A

ego

42
Q

Inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s; Self centered

A

egocentrism

43
Q

This occurs during psychosecual development, where a girl has tender feelings towards his father and feelings of competition with her mother for the father’s attention

A

elektra complex

44
Q

Memory process invovled in the operation of transforming sensory data into cognitive representations

A

encoding

45
Q

Enumerate the processes involved in Memory

A

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

46
Q

Part of the nervous system that exerts visceral control through hormonal signals

A

epithalamus

47
Q

“normal” amount of anxiety associated with optimal levels of funtioning

A

eustress

48
Q

a concept that deals with humanistic themes of death, free will and meaning

A

existentialism

49
Q

Occurs when a patient has a damaged Brocka’s area

A

Expressive aphasia

50
Q

Escaping from real worries by avoiding interactions with people and imagining that the conflict has been resolved

A

fantasy

51
Q

The sharing of a fantasy by two closely associated friends

A

Folie à deux

52
Q

stage of cognitive development where a person is able to think about abstractions and hypothetical concepts

A

formal operational

53
Q

this concept addresses the social structure as a whole and in terms of the necessary function of its constituent elements

A

functionalism

54
Q

This theory states that the subjective experience and organization of the whole, the whole is not equal to the sum of its parts

A

Gestalt Psychology

55
Q

increase in the size of the whole, or any of its parts

A

growth

56
Q

Decreased intensity of response to stimulation

A

habituation

57
Q

Perceiving something that is not there (not perceived by others)

A

hallucinations

58
Q

part of the brain that is responsible for memory formation and emotion

A

hippocampus

59
Q

Using comedy to express feelings and thoughts without personal discomfort and without producing an unpleasant effect on others

A

humor

60
Q

excessive increase in the number of cells

A

hyperplasia

61
Q

excessive increase increase in the size of the
cells

A

hypertrophy

62
Q

Exaggerating or overemphasizing an illness for the purpose of evasion and regression (unconscious, will perceive that they are ill); can be related to fears and apprehensions

A

hypochodriasis

63
Q

part of the brain that is associated with primal feelings

A

hypothalamus

64
Q

pleasure principle, unconscious or subconscious desires (Freudian Psychology)

A

Id

65
Q

Enumerate the structures of the Personality according to Freud

A

id, ego, superego

66
Q

this is a mental disorder characterized by wrongly perceived stimulus (perceived differently by others)

A

illusion

67
Q

Consciously limiting or renouncing some ego functions to evade anxiety arising from conflict with instinctual impulses

A

inhibition

68
Q

Excessively using intellectual processes to avoid affective expression

A

intellectualization

69
Q

Internalizing the qualities of an object or significant other.

A

introjection

70
Q

Hiding one’s emotional response or problems under a façade of big words and pretending one has no problem (detachment from the emotion)

A

isolation of affect

71
Q

[Developer of Concept] Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

72
Q

unable to keep in mind what stays the same and what changes in an object after it has changed aesthetically

A

lack of conservation

73
Q

[Developer of Concept] Moral Development/ Theory of Moral Reasoning

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

74
Q

[Parts of the Nervous Sys] the effective or “feeling” region of the brain, links the thinking and feeling brains, works with olfactory senses

A

limbic system

75
Q

type of memory system where informations is placed to be kept more or less permanently, retained indefinitely but some are still lost with time

A

long term memory

76
Q

Uncontrollable impulse, Elevated, expansive or irritable mood, Can be a disguise for overwhelming depression

A

mania

77
Q

[Developers of Concept] Humanistic Psychology

A

Maslow, Rogers

78
Q

Enumerate the components of the Hindbrain

A

Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum

79
Q

occurs when a child begins to remember and imagine experiences

A

mental representation

80
Q

[Parts of the Nervous Sys] Reflexes involving the eyes and the ears

A

midgrain

81
Q

theory which discusses the rightness or wrongness of an act

A

moral reasoning

82
Q

Mental disorder involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations where behavior is not socially unacceptable; can aggravate to psychosis

A

neurosis

83
Q

occurs when a child learns that an object exists even though it is out of sight

A

object permanence

NMAT (1 decks)

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