Psychology

Question 1

Attrition

Answer 1

the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure; in the case of a study –> it refers to when people drop out of the study

Question 2

Psychometrics

Answer 2

the study of how to measure psychological variables through testing

Question 3

Response Bias

Answer 3

tendency for respondents to not have perfect insight into their state and provide inaccurate responses; ex. when a person selects an answer to a question that they are aware is incorrect, but they make this choice because they are uncomfortable reporting their honest answer

Question 4

Between-subject design

Answer 4

the comparisons are made between subjects; from one group to another

Question 5

within-subject design

Answer 5

comparison of the same group at different time points

Question 6

mixed methods research

Answer 6

combination of different research techniques such as within subject or between subject; qualitative or quantitative

Question 7

Type II Error

Answer 7

false negative

Question 8

Type I Error

Answer 8

False Positive

Question 9

External Validity

Answer 9

A flaw or limitation that might make it difficult to apply our conclusion to the real world; ex. the fact that only students of Yale can participate in the study is a threat to external validity since we cannot be absolutely sure that a result that rejects the null hypothesis applies to all healthy young adults in their twenties

Question 10

Internal Validity

Answer 10

Internal validity is high if confounding variables have been considered and minimized, and the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variable can be established by the way the experiment was set up. If the researchers forgot to control for sex differences or use a diet that was not actually mediterranean or gave the control group unhealthy foods, internal validity could be threatened

Question 11

Demand characteristics

Answer 11

Subtle cues that let subjects know how they are expected to behave, can also threaten internal validity

Question 12

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 12

the alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed

Question 13

Binocular cues

Answer 13

provides a sense of depth

Question 14

Monocular cues

Answer 14

provide a sense of form of an object

Question 15

relative size

Answer 15

tje close an object it is perceived as being bigger