Psychology

Question 1

Study of behavior and mental process; how people think act, react and interact

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Psyche + logos

Answer 2

mind/soul + study

Question 3

Study of mental processes by specifying
the elements of consciousness through
introspection

Answer 3

Structuralism

Question 4

Father of Psychology ; Structuralism

Answer 4

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 5

Addresses the social structure as a
whole and in terms of the necessary
function of its constituent elements

Answer 5

Functionalism

Question 6

Psychoanalysis; “Life force” / libido / sex drive influences the unconscious mind of a
child’s personality

Answer 6

Sigmund Freud

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

Functionalism

Question 8

Libido: not only sex drive but the desire to excel

Answer 8

Carl Jung

Question 9

Gestalt

Answer 9

configuration, form, holistic,

structure, pattern

Question 10

We experience things as unified beings

Answer 10

Gestalt Psychology

Question 11

“There are wholes, the behavior of which is not determined by that of their
individual elements, but where the part processes
are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole.”

Answer 11

Max Wertheimer

Question 12

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

Answer 12

Wolfgang Köhler

Question 13

Max Wertheimer
Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka

Answer 13

Gestalt Psychology

Question 14

All behavior can be explained by
environmental causes rather than by
internal forces

Answer 14

Behaviorism

Question 15

• “The Little Albert Experiment”: Baby

Albert was conditioned with loud noise to cry upon seeing a white rat

Answer 15

John Watson

Question 16

Operant conditioning: “Skinner box”

Answer 16

B.F. Skinner

Question 17

Classical conditioning: Pavlov’s dog

Answer 17

Ivan Pavlov

Question 18

John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov

Answer 18

Behviorism

Question 19

Study of mental processes including how
people think, perceive, remember and
learn

Answer 19

Cognitivism

Question 20

Stages of cognitive development

Answer 20

Jean Piaget

Question 21

Working memory

Answer 21

Alan David Baddeley

Question 22

Abraham Maslow

Carl Roggers

Answer 22

Humanism

Question 23

Fundamental and uniquely human needs and issues

Answer 23

Abraham Maslow

Question 24

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 24

Carl Roggers

Question 25

Rollo May

Answer 25

Existentialism

Question 26

Humanistic themes of death, free will and meaning; Meaning can be shaped by myths or narrative patterns and can be encouraged by an acceptance of the free will

Answer 26

Existentialism

Question 27

Increase in the size of the whole or any | of its parts

Answer 27

Growth

Question 28

Progressive increase in the individual’s capacities in terms of maturation and learning; Onset and progression of an individual’s capacity to functions

Answer 28

Development

Question 29

Conception to birth; Orderly, definite, predictable

Answer 29

Process

Question 30

Gross to fine skill

Answer 30

Sequential

Question 31

head-to-toe

Answer 31

Cephalo-caudal

Question 32

From the center (heart) | outwards

Answer 32

Proximo-distal

Question 33

Neonatal reflexes

Answer 33

Rooting, sucking, palmar grasp, Babinski

Question 34

process by which an offspring follows and imitates as models his / her parents

Answer 34

imprinting (in animals)

Question 35

Psychosexual Development

Answer 35

Sigmund Freud

Question 36

Stages of Psychosexual Development

Answer 36

``` Oral Stage (0-1.5 years) Anal Stage (1.5-3 years) Phallic Stage (3-6 years) Latency Stage (6-12 years) Genital Stage (Puberty to Adulthood) ```

Question 37

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Oral Stage

Answer 37

Exploration of the world through the | mouth (sucking, biting)

Question 38

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Anal Stage

Answer 38

Control of urination and defecation | expelling or retaining feces

Question 39

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Phallic Stage

Answer 39

Awareness of genital area (sexuality | explored)

Question 40

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Latency Stage

Answer 40

Personality development prominent, expanding social contacts in school (sexuality refined)

Question 41

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Genital Stage

Answer 41

Development of sexual maturity and | establishing mature relationships

Question 42

a neo-psychoanalytic theorist; Personality development is a lifelong process through eight stages; The outcome of each stage is dependent on the outcome of the previous stage (resolving each stage's ego crisis).

Answer 42

Erik Erikson

Question 43

Psychosocial Development stages (Erik Erikson)

Answer 43

Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months) Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months - 3 years) Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years) Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-13 years) Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-21 years) Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 years) Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-60 years) Stage 8. Integrity vs. Despair (60 years onwards)

Question 44

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months)

Answer 44

Virtue: Hope; Significant person: mother or primary caretaker; Needs should be met and care consistent

Question 45

``` Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months - 3 years) ```

Answer 45

Virtue: Will; Independence and negativism (learning to say “no” before “yes”)

Question 46

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)

Answer 46

Virtue: Purpose; Learning to plan and carry out actions and to get along with peers as an autonomous and independent person

Question 47

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-13 years)

Answer 47

Virtue: Competence; Learning new skills and takes pride in the things made; Pleasure and satisfaction from the completion of tasks

Question 48

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-21 years)

Answer 48

Virtue: Fidelity; Integrating different images of the self into a whole; Identity crisis

Question 49

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 years)

Answer 49

Virtue: Love; "To love and to work"; Relating well with others

Question 50

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-60 years)

Answer 50

Virtue: Care; Generativity: raising children, guiding the next generation, creativity, altruism; Stagnation: self-concern, isolation, absence of intimacy; Midlife crisis

Question 51

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 8. Integrity vs. Despair (60 years onwards)

Answer 51

Virtue: Wisdom; Ego integrity: wisdom from life experiences, looking back at life with meaning; pleasant reflections and present pursuits; Despair: loss of hope, i.e. "I haven't accomplished what I wanted to in life; it’s too late."