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NMAT > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of behavior and mental process; how people think act, react and interact

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Psyche + logos

A

mind/soul + study

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3
Q

Study of mental processes by specifying
the elements of consciousness through
introspection

A

Structuralism

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4
Q

Father of Psychology ; Structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q 
Addresses the social structure as a
whole and in terms of the necessary
function of its constituent elements
A

Functionalism

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6
Q

Psychoanalysis; “Life force” / libido / sex drive influences the unconscious mind of a
child’s personality

A

Sigmund Freud

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7
Q

William James

A

Functionalism

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8
Q

Libido: not only sex drive but the desire to excel

A

Carl Jung

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9
Q

Gestalt

A

configuration, form, holistic,

structure, pattern

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10
Q

We experience things as unified beings

A

Gestalt Psychology

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11
Q

“There are wholes, the behavior of which is not determined by that of their
individual elements, but where the part processes
are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole.”

A

Max Wertheimer

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12
Q

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

A

Wolfgang Köhler

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13
Q

Max Wertheimer
Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka

A

Gestalt Psychology

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14
Q

All behavior can be explained by
environmental causes rather than by
internal forces

A

Behaviorism

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15
Q
  • “The Little Albert Experiment”: Baby

Albert was conditioned with loud noise to cry upon seeing a white rat

A

John Watson

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16
Q

Operant conditioning: “Skinner box”

A

B.F. Skinner

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17
Q

Classical conditioning: Pavlov’s dog

A

Ivan Pavlov

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18
Q

John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov

A

Behviorism

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19
Q

Study of mental processes including how
people think, perceive, remember and
learn

A

Cognitivism

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20
Q

Stages of cognitive development

A

Jean Piaget

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21
Q

Working memory

A

Alan David Baddeley

22
Q

Abraham Maslow

Carl Roggers

A

Humanism

23
Q

Fundamental and uniquely human needs and issues

A

Abraham Maslow

24
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Carl Roggers

25
Q

Rollo May

A

Existentialism

26
Q

Humanistic themes of death, free will and meaning; Meaning can be shaped by myths or narrative patterns and can be encouraged by an acceptance of the
free will

A

Existentialism

27
Q

Increase in the size of the whole or any

of its parts

A

Growth

28
Q

Progressive increase in the individual’s capacities in terms of maturation and
learning; Onset and progression of an individual’s capacity to functions

A

Development

29
Q

Conception to birth; Orderly, definite, predictable

A

Process

30
Q

Gross to fine skill

A

Sequential

31
Q

head-to-toe

A

Cephalo-caudal

32
Q

From the center (heart)

outwards

A

Proximo-distal

33
Q

Neonatal reflexes

A

Rooting, sucking, palmar grasp, Babinski

34
Q

process by
which an offspring follows and imitates as models
his / her parents

A

imprinting (in animals)

35
Q

Psychosexual Development

A

Sigmund Freud

36
Q

Stages of Psychosexual Development

A 
Oral Stage (0-1.5 years)
Anal Stage (1.5-3 years)
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
Latency Stage (6-12 years)
Genital Stage (Puberty to Adulthood)
37
Q

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Oral Stage

A

Exploration of the world through the

mouth (sucking, biting)

38
Q

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Anal Stage

A

Control of urination and defecation

expelling or retaining feces

39
Q

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Phallic Stage

A

Awareness of genital area (sexuality

explored)

40
Q

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Latency Stage

A

Personality development prominent,
expanding social contacts in school
(sexuality refined)

41
Q

Stage of Psychosexual Development: Genital Stage

A

Development of sexual maturity and

establishing mature relationships

42
Q

a neo-psychoanalytic theorist; Personality development is a lifelong process through eight stages; The outcome of each stage is dependent on the
outcome of the previous stage (resolving each
stage’s ego crisis).

A

Erik Erikson

43
Q

Psychosocial Development stages (Erik Erikson)

A

Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months)

Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months
- 3 years)

Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)

Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-13 years)

Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-21 years)

Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 years)

Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-60 years)

Stage 8. Integrity vs. Despair (60 years onwards)

44
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18 months)

A

Virtue: Hope;
Significant person: mother or primary caretaker;
Needs should be met and care consistent

45
Q 
Psychosocial Development (EE):  Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months
- 3 years)
A

Virtue: Will;
Independence and negativism (learning to say
“no” before “yes”)

46
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)

A

Virtue: Purpose;
Learning to plan and carry out actions and to get along with peers as an autonomous and
independent person

47
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-13 years)

A

Virtue: Competence;
Learning new skills and takes pride in the things
made;
Pleasure and satisfaction from the completion of
tasks

48
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-21 years)

A

Virtue: Fidelity;
Integrating different images of the self into a whole;
Identity crisis

49
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 years)

A

Virtue: Love;
“To love and to work”;
Relating well with others

50
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-60 years)

A

Virtue: Care;
Generativity: raising children, guiding the next
generation, creativity, altruism;
Stagnation: self-concern, isolation, absence of
intimacy;
Midlife crisis

51
Q

Psychosocial Development (EE): Stage 8. Integrity vs. Despair (60 years onwards)

A

Virtue: Wisdom;
Ego integrity: wisdom from life experiences,
looking back at life with meaning; pleasant
reflections and present pursuits;
Despair: loss of hope, i.e. “I haven’t accomplished what I wanted to in life; it’s too
late.”

NMAT (1 decks)

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