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spcm > Psychology 100 Final Exam > Flashcards

Psychology 100 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

how many paragraphs should an essay have?

A

as many as it takes to fufill the prompt

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2
Q

only type of study that can demonstrate a causal relationship

A

Cause and effect exp.

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3
Q

What are scientifically supportted study strategies?

A

Interweaving, wrote memorazition is not effective. Try teaching to others.

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4
Q

What does it mean if a theory is falsifiable?

A

There is information that can prove a theory wrong.

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5
Q

Why is replication important?

A

We want other scientists to validate our studies, and what we found.

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6
Q

Representative sample

A

You have characteristics that are not representative of the entire group.

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7
Q

Random sample

A

everyone has the same chance of being picked.

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8
Q

Positive Correlation coefficients

A

As the temperature goes up, people buy more ice cream. No correlation between what you ate for breakfast, and what you’re wearing today.

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9
Q

Negative Correlation Coefficents

A

As weeks increase in number, the amount of people that show up go down.

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

carry chemical signals (“messages”) from one neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell.

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11
Q

Four lobes of brain & what they do:

A
  1. Frontal: executive function, higher order skills. e.g. math problem.
  2. Occipital Lobe: depth perception, memory formation
    3: Poritial lobe: Senses.
    4:Temporal lobe: Hearing and speech.
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12
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center of brain

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14
Q

3 divisions of brain

A

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

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15
Q

Difference between monozygotic, and dyzygotic twins:

A

dysogotic=2 gyzo eggs
monozygotic= 1 egg split, twins share 100% dna. This is due to an enviornmental influence

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16
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Based on natural selection

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17
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum stimulus needed to detect something.

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18
Q

Difference threshold

A

The difference that needs to happen before you notice the strength of the stimuli.

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19
Q

Hormones vs Neurotransmitters

A

Hormones go through the bloodstream, and have a slower effect. Neurotransmitters stay in the brain.

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20
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural pain killers. e.g. running high

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21
Q

Rods and Cones

A

Gray black white: rods
Cones: color

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22
Q

Sex assigned at birth is determined by:

A

Your genes

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23
Q

Gender Identity/ Gender

A

The way you feel. Gender is a cultural construct.

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24
Q

Gustation

A

Taste, taste responds to chemicals

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25
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell. a chemical.

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26
Q

4 parenting styles

A

Authorotative (I have authority, but reasoning behind it), Authoritarian (do it because I said so), Negligent (not involved, not there), & Permissive (says yes to anything)

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27
Q

Pavlov’s experiment on classical conditioning

A

Pavlov trained his dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell.

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28
Q

Aqqusition

A

When you gain a new skill.

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29
Q

Discrimination

A

You jump when you hear a gun shot, not a loud knock.

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30
Q

Generalization

A

All loud sounds you hear you jump

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31
Q

Extinction

A

Goes away. If dogs don’t get food for long enough, they won’t care about the bell.

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32
Q

Positive vs Negative condition

A

Add something new +
Take something away -

33
Q

Reinforcement

A

do more of that

34
Q

punishment

A

don’t do that

35
Q

Social learning theory

A

Says that we learn from observing and imitating others.

36
Q

When does adolescene start?

A

Puberty

37
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Can learn something new, but needs help.

38
Q

Personality

A

A pattern of the way you think & behave.

39
Q

Informative vs. Normative social influence

A

Informative: Other people may know something that I do not know.
Normative: I want to be seen as normal, and apart of the group.

40
Q

When are we more likely to be attracted to someone?

A

Proximity (close to you), similar to you.

41
Q

Bystander effect

A

You’re less likely to help if multiple people are around.

42
Q

Soloman Asch Conformity Study

A

Whole group says one. thing, and you conform to that.

43
Q

Milgrim’s Obedience to Authority

A

When the person in the white lab coat asks you to shock someone. They found people would go further if there was a person with an authority role in the room.

44
Q

Repressed memories

A

Are not real. But, we can purposely forget things, or experience dissociation.

45
Q

Just-world-Phenomenan

A

You believe if you’re an good person, good things happen to you, and vice versa.

46
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Theory of personality, where you personal factors, behavoir, and enviornment all affect eachother.

47
Q

3 factors that controlm prejudice

A

Discrimination, Stereotypes, Negative emotions

48
Q

When are memories used for eye-witness testimony more likely to be accurate.

A

Above the age of 4, you weren’t asked leading questions. If it was recovered under hypnosis not accurate.

49
Q

Atkinson and Shifrin’s 3 step memory model

A

Sensory, Short Term, Long Term

50
Q

Big 5 personality traits

A

Openness to experience, Consientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism/Emotional Instaility

51
Q

Personality

A

Mainly determined by genetics

52
Q

What leadz to prejudice?

A

Just world phenomenon, Them vs us

53
Q

Longer lasting relationships

A

supporting your partner, having 5:1 positive interactions, being vunerable, sharing responsibilities.

54
Q

Fundamental Attribution error

A

Thinking someone is a bad person because something is fundamentally wrong with them, not because of outside factors.

55
Q

Stereotypes

A

Generalized beleifs about groups of people that aren’t true.

56
Q

Social identity theory

A

the study of the interplay between personal and social identities. groups, ex: preppy vs emo.

57
Q

4 D’s of psychology

A

Danger
Distress
Dysfunction
Devious

58
Q

Eating disorders

A

Control

59
Q

Dissasociative disorders

A

Trauma

60
Q

2 most common psychological disorders

A

GAD
MPD

61
Q

2 neurodevelopmental disorders:

A

ADHD
ASD

62
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Someone not having empathy for others, and disregarding the rights of others.

63
Q

Someone experiencing schizophernia may experience

A

auditory, visual hallucinations

64
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Not a moral failing and can be treated with the right approach

65
Q

PTSD

A

flaschbacks, depressed mood.

66
Q

Mania

A

Fully thinking you can fly for example.

67
Q

Hypomania

A

Less than full blown mania. Might just not be able to sleep, making poor financal desicions but not spending it all.

68
Q

ADHD

A

People with ADHD have different brain structures, it’s not that they can’t control themselves, and they can’t just work harder

69
Q

ASD

A

Can’t be cured/caused by vaccines. Defecits in social situations, & repetitive/restrictive behaviors.

70
Q

Therapy

A

Effective, people get better faster and more efficiently. Won’t get bad if you don’t.

71
Q

Theraputic Orientation

A

Your style of therapy.

72
Q

Change in Theory

A

outside factors

73
Q

APA Ethical Codes

A

Required rules you must follow.

74
Q

Insight based therapy

A

Help people understand themselves better

75
Q

Cognative behavorial therapy

A

About changing thoughts and behaviors.

76
Q

3 things that are common to all psychotherapies?

A

Generating hope, gaining new perspectives, creating an alliance.

77
Q

DoDo Bird Verdict

A

all psychotherapeutic techniques are equally effective in the end

78
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

No matter what happens you respect and non judgmentaly care for them.

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