Psychologists Test #1 Flashcards
Calkins
1st Women president of American Psychological Association
1st female psychologist
All the men dropped out when Calkins joined Jame’s class so she was tutored on her own
Watson
Redefined psychology as the science of observable behavior
Experiment with Little Albert
O’Boyle
Psychology is the study of consciousness
For psychology to be a science, we have to be able to measure it
Webber
Two-point discrimination (Sensitivity to touch, temperature and weight differ from one area of the body to another, and that this differing sensitivity is due to the density of nerve fibers and nerve endings in different parts of the skin. )
Noticeable Difference (When a subject can tell there is a difference between two weights (or pressure or temperature))
Sensory stimuli
Helmholtz
Rate of nerve connections (Nerve conduction travels at the rate of 90 feet per second)
Did not believe outside forces or spirits controlled the body or effected functions
Took off of Muller
Believed psychology should obey natural law
William James
1st American Psychologist
Studied under Wundt
Spiritualist
Believed higher mental processes came from the result of simple mental elements combined.
All humans had the right to decide/free will
Lamark
Believed that there is inheritance of acquired characteristics between parents and offspring - epigenetics
Gall
Identified the brain as an organ that carries out specific functions such as thinking and controlling behavior
Wilham Wundt
Two goals -
To discover the basic elements of consciousness by measuring sensory experiences.
To discover how the basic elements of sensation are combined into perception, thoughts and complex ideas.
Founded experimental psychology
Introspection is - subjects are trained to observe and catalog their own reaction times to various stimuli
William James studied under
Important because: There were no professors of psychology in America until James began teaching in 1875.
Within 2 decades of the beginning of his psychology course, about 2 dozen universities had classes in psychology, three psychology journals were published and a professional psychology society had been formed.
He introduced experimental psychology to America.
He published the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology
He applied psychological principles to teaching, which became the core of educational psychology.
He was largely responsible for getting the Rockefeller Foundation and similar groups to allocate millions of dollars to the development of mental hospitals and the training of mental health professionals.
Fechner
Considered the first psychologist because he believed that if a systematic relationship could be found between known changes in physical stimuli and changes in conscious perception of those experiences, then we should be able to measure consciousness.
Muller
Suggested law of specific nerve energies - we are aware not of objects themselves, but of signals about them transmitted through our nerves, each nerve having a specific kind of nervous energy.
Broca
Found that language was localized in one spot in the left hemisphere by building on Gall’s work
