Psychologists

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Mental processes reduced to elements, structure of mind

Wihlem Wundt - father of modern psychology
Edward Titchner - founder of structuralism

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

Minds function in the environment

William James (founder of American psychology)
John Dewey - reflex arc
James Cattell - experimental psychology

Question 3

Gestalt

Answer 3

Sum is greater than its parts

Max Wetheimer
Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka

Question 4

Behaviorists

Answer 4

Only observable behavior matters

John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
B. F. Skinner - skinner boxes, operant conditioning
Thorndike - law of effect, instrumental learning
Tolman - rats, purposeful behavior

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler - will to power, inferiority complex
Heinz Kohut - self psychology
Karen Horney - away, towards, against

Question 6

Humanism

Answer 6

Individual free will, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.

Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy
Abraham Maslow

Question 7

Cognitive

Answer 7

School of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn.

Aaron Beck

Question 8

Neuro:

Answer 8

Hebb - fires together wires together, arousal
Johannes Muller - neuron

Question 9

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 9

statistics, correlation coefficient

Question 10

Gustav Fechner

Answer 10

experimental psychology

Question 11

Stanley Hall

Answer 11

First president of APA, first to get PhD in psychology in US

Invented adolscence

Question 12

Deryl Bem

Answer 12

Self Perception Theory

Question 13

Johannes Muller

Answer 13

Neurologist,

his theory suggested that nerves will always fire the same way, despite different types of stimulation.

Wrote “Elements of Physiology,” a book that suggested the existence of special nerve energies

Question 14

Aaron Beck

Answer 14

Cognitive Psychology

Question 15

Morton Deutsch

Answer 15

Known for his prisoner’s dilemma and trucking company game studies?

Question 16

Max Wertheimer

Answer 16

Gestalt

Question 17

Wolfgang Kohler

Answer 17

Gestalt

Question 18

Kurt Koffka

Answer 18

Gestalt

Question 19

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 19

First woman to get PhD in Psychology

Question 20

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 20

One of first thinkers to suggest that our perceptions of sensation are all that we can be sure of

Question 21

Edward Tolman

Answer 21

Behaviorist

learning is acquired through purposeful behavior,

running rats through mazes

Question 22

Dorothea Lynde Dix

Answer 22

One of the founders of the American movement to provide better care for the mentally ill

Question 23

Immanuel Kant

Answer 23

Enlightenment-era thinker who believed we were active shapers of our own worlds with inborn traits that skew our perceptions.

Question 24

Harold Kelley

Answer 24

Attributions made on:

consistency: how consistent is this information over time?
distinctiveness: how distinct is this information from the other information we have about the subject?
consensus: how would others have responded given the same information?

Question 25

Clark Hull

Answer 25

The mechanistic behavioral equation Performance = Drive x Habit