Psychological treatment

Question 1

types of psychological treatment

Answer 1

Socratic questioning- trying to get them to realise thoughts adnd beliefs are irrational
To demonstrate to them that their thinking might be maladaptive
Behavioral experiments- trying dif behaviors on diff days
Thought records- to challenge irrational beliefs. Keep record of thoughts and situations.
Situation exposure hierarchy- making a list of stressful events nad situations and ranking them
Pleasant activity scheduling- doing smth pleasant everyday thats new

Psychoanalytic theory (freud)
Dreams window into unconscios
If u could break down what dream meant, u could deal with the unconscious in a better way
Supressed unconscious thoughts could lead ot depression

CBT

Question 2

Structure and benefits of CBT

Answer 2

Structure of CBT
Important bc it forces patients to take initiative for their own recovery
Cbt is only for 14 to 16 weeks
If everyone does therapy the same way, when we collect info, we could be more sure that the cbt works
Ppl who go for therapy might feel unsettled, structure could help calm them
Helps patient be more tieme efficient, helpsclient know what to expect per session
Establish therapeutic alliance
Action plan

Question 3

Derubeis et al

Answer 3

Some studies, such as Derubeius, have shown how CBT can be as effective as meds in some situations
Randomly assigned 240 ppt w moderate to severe depression to one of 3 conditions:
16 weeks meds
16 weeks cbt
8 weeks placebo
Checked scores using hamd scale
o Use HAM-D, at 8 weeks compared conditions (placebo cbt meds)
Meds were at 50% reponse rate
CBT 40 smth %
Both outperformed placebo at 25%
At 16 weeks
Meds and cbt both at aroung 60
Shows cbt might not be AS effective as durgs in short term, but catches up aroung 16 weeks
Remission vs response rate:
If u score 12 or lower on HAM-D that was considered responding to treatment. U considered to have been RESPONDED
Remission rate: what is considered to be getting better. If u scored lower than 7
Respond rate: if u responded to treatment
While respoond rate was similar for both, med had higher REMISSION rate
Goes against what we said abt cbt being more effective than drugs

Shows how therapis skill cold affect effecitvieness of CBT
At one site, meds were more effective consistently
Medication can be distributed the same
Therapist skill needs to be taken into consideration
drugs were more effective at a point bc drugs no need much skill to be administer
Therapist skill affects results:
Effectieneess of cbt actually equal to meds for some research cneters, but when we average out all of them it seems like cbt is less effective due to skil of some
Conc
Cbt can be as effective as meds, for treatment of moderate to severe depression. But exact degree of effectiveness depends on therapist skill

Question 4

Hollon et al

Answer 4

Shows relapse rates lower for CBT
o Seems CBT can target the root cause, rather than just treat symptoms

Method
Reviewed some background research and concluded that antidepressants can prevent the return of symptoms, but only if treatment is conitnued
Aim: to determine if cog therapy has a more enduring effect
Study was randomised control trial: 3 groups of moderate 2 severe deppresed patients
Patients who responded positively to cbt in 12 months were withdrawn from study
Patients responed to meds and conitnued meds
Patients who responded to meds and conitnued w placebo
Results
Ppt withdrawn from cbt less likely ot relapse than ppt withdrawn from med (31% compared to 76% relapse) and even slightly less likeley to relapse than group who continued meds (47%)
COncluions
Cbt has enduring effect that extends beyond the end of treatment
Drugs, unlike cbt , seem good at reducing symptoms, but they dont seem to target cause of disorder

CBT teaches u how to think which u can apply to new challenges
o More long term even if ur not going to therapy, drugs cant do that