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Psychiatry > Psychological Therapies to Common Mental Health Problems > Flashcards

Psychological Therapies to Common Mental Health Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of common mental health disorders?

A
  • Affective/anxiety disorders
    • Major depressive disorder (MDD)
    • Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
    • Panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders
    • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Substance misuse disorders
    • Alcohol
    • Tobacco
    • Opioids/benzos/stimulants
  • Disorders of reaction to psychological stress
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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2
Q

What do the following stand for:

  • MDD
  • GAD
  • OCD
  • PTSD
A
  • Affective/anxiety disorders
    • Major depressive disorder (MDD)
    • Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
    • Panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders
    • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Substance misuse disorders
    • Alcohol
    • Tobacco
    • Opioids/benzos/stimulants
  • Disorders of reaction to psychological stress
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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3
Q

What does CBT stand for?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

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4
Q

What is CBT?

A
  • How our thoughts relate to our feelings and behaviour
  • Short term
  • Problem focussed, goal orientated
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5
Q

What are some indications for CBT?

A
  • Particular good for
    • Depression
    • Anxiety
    • Phobias
    • OCD
    • PTSD
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6
Q

What happens during the CBT process?

A
  • Therapist helps client
    • Identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours
    • Assess whether thoughts are unrealistic/unhelpful (thinking errors)
      • Automatic negative thoughts
      • Unrealistic beliefs
      • Cognitive distortions
      • Catastrophizing
      • Black and white/all or nothing
      • Perfectionism
    • Identify what can change
  • Client engages in ‘homework’ which challenges the unrealistic or unhelpful thoughts (thinking errors)
    • Graded exposure
    • Response prevention
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7
Q

What are examples of unrealistic thoughts, or “thinking errors”?

A
  • Automatic negative thoughts
  • Unrealistic beliefs
  • Cognitive distortions
  • Catastrophizing
  • Black and white/all or nothing
  • Perfectionism
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8
Q

What are indications for behavioural activation?

A
  • Depression
    • Activities function as avoidance and escape from aversive thoughts and external situations
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9
Q

What happens during the process of behavioural activation?

A
  • Focus on avoided activities
    • As guide for activity scheduling
  • Focus on what predicts and maintains unhelpful response by various reinforces
  • Client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding
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10
Q

What are some examples of things avoided when depressed?

A
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11
Q

What are the goals of behavioural activation?

A
  • Small changes build to long term goals
  • Structured agenda to review progress
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12
Q

What are indications for interpersonal therapy?

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
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13
Q

What is interpersonal therapy?

A
  • Focussed on the present
  • Understand our affect (mood) is interlinked with interpersonal events in life (relationships with others)
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14
Q

Describe the process of interpersonal therapy?

A
  • Client takes on “sick role”
    • Permission to acknowledge that they are unwell
  • Construct “interpersonal map”
    • Identify the interpersonal context
  • “Focus area”
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15
Q

What are the goals of interpersonal therapy?

A
  • Reduce depressive symptoms
  • Improve interpersonal functioning
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16
Q

What are some of the advantages and limitations of interpersonal therapy?

A
  • Advantages
    • No formal homework
    • Client can continue skill beyond sessions ending
  • Limitations
    • Requires ability to reflect
    • Requires interpersonal relationships
17
Q

What are indications for motivation interviewing?

A
  • Used to change behaviour
    • Addiction
    • Using devices such as hearing aid
18
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A
  • Promotes behavioural change
19
Q

What are the principles of motivational interviewing?

A
  • Express empathy
  • Avoid argument
  • Support self-efficacy
20
Q

What are the Prochaska and DiClementa stages of change?

A
  • Pre-contemplation
    • Not thinking about changing behaviour
    • Action – remind them we are here if they change their mind
  • Contemplation
    • Thinking about changing behaviour
    • Action – discuss pros and cons
  • Planning/determination
    • Action – help build motivation and confidence
  • Action
    • Preventing relapse and coping strategies
  • Maintenance
    • Coping strategies, weak points, emergencies, slip back protocols
21
Q

What should you do for the patient at the following stages of the stages of change:

  • pre-contemplation
  • contemplation
  • planning/determination
  • action
  • maintenance
A
  • Pre-contemplation
    • Not thinking about changing behaviour
    • Action – remind them we are here if they change their mind
  • Contemplation
    • Thinking about changing behaviour
    • Action – discuss pros and cons
  • Planning/determination
    • Action – help build motivation and confidence
  • Action
    • Preventing relapse and coping strategies
  • Maintenance
    • Coping strategies, weak points, emergencies, slip back protocols

Psychiatry (20 decks)

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