Psychological Therapies to Common Mental Health Problems Flashcards
What are examples of common mental health disorders?
- Affective/anxiety disorders
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders
- Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Substance misuse disorders
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Opioids/benzos/stimulants
- Disorders of reaction to psychological stress
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
What do the following stand for:
- MDD
- GAD
- OCD
- PTSD
- Affective/anxiety disorders
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders
- Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Substance misuse disorders
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Opioids/benzos/stimulants
- Disorders of reaction to psychological stress
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
What does CBT stand for?
Cognitive behavioural therapy
What is CBT?
- How our thoughts relate to our feelings and behaviour
- Short term
- Problem focussed, goal orientated
What are some indications for CBT?
- Particular good for
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Phobias
- OCD
- PTSD
What happens during the CBT process?
- Therapist helps client
- Identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours
- Assess whether thoughts are unrealistic/unhelpful (thinking errors)
- Automatic negative thoughts
- Unrealistic beliefs
- Cognitive distortions
- Catastrophizing
- Black and white/all or nothing
- Perfectionism
- Identify what can change
- Client engages in ‘homework’ which challenges the unrealistic or unhelpful thoughts (thinking errors)
- Graded exposure
- Response prevention
What are examples of unrealistic thoughts, or “thinking errors”?
- Automatic negative thoughts
- Unrealistic beliefs
- Cognitive distortions
- Catastrophizing
- Black and white/all or nothing
- Perfectionism
What are indications for behavioural activation?
- Depression
- Activities function as avoidance and escape from aversive thoughts and external situations
What happens during the process of behavioural activation?
- Focus on avoided activities
- As guide for activity scheduling
- Focus on what predicts and maintains unhelpful response by various reinforces
- Client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding
What are some examples of things avoided when depressed?
What are the goals of behavioural activation?
- Small changes build to long term goals
- Structured agenda to review progress
What are indications for interpersonal therapy?
- Depression
- Anxiety
What is interpersonal therapy?
- Focussed on the present
- Understand our affect (mood) is interlinked with interpersonal events in life (relationships with others)
Describe the process of interpersonal therapy?
- Client takes on “sick role”
- Permission to acknowledge that they are unwell
- Construct “interpersonal map”
- Identify the interpersonal context
- “Focus area”
What are the goals of interpersonal therapy?
- Reduce depressive symptoms
- Improve interpersonal functioning
What are some of the advantages and limitations of interpersonal therapy?
- Advantages
- No formal homework
- Client can continue skill beyond sessions ending
- Limitations
- Requires ability to reflect
- Requires interpersonal relationships
What are indications for motivation interviewing?
- Used to change behaviour
- Addiction
- Using devices such as hearing aid
What is motivational interviewing?
- Promotes behavioural change
What are the principles of motivational interviewing?
- Express empathy
- Avoid argument
- Support self-efficacy
What are the Prochaska and DiClementa stages of change?
- Pre-contemplation
- Not thinking about changing behaviour
- Action – remind them we are here if they change their mind
- Contemplation
- Thinking about changing behaviour
- Action – discuss pros and cons
- Planning/determination
- Action – help build motivation and confidence
- Action
- Preventing relapse and coping strategies
- Maintenance
- Coping strategies, weak points, emergencies, slip back protocols
What should you do for the patient at the following stages of the stages of change:
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- planning/determination
- action
- maintenance
- Pre-contemplation
- Not thinking about changing behaviour
- Action – remind them we are here if they change their mind
- Contemplation
- Thinking about changing behaviour
- Action – discuss pros and cons
- Planning/determination
- Action – help build motivation and confidence
- Action
- Preventing relapse and coping strategies
- Maintenance
- Coping strategies, weak points, emergencies, slip back protocols
