Psychological Therapies Flashcards
Who is CBT used for
SZ patients suffering from hallucinations/delusions
Why is CBT used
To five patients a psychological explanation for the existence of hallucinations and delusions
What happens in CBT and how does it work
-therapist challenges hallucinations and delusions (they are not real, these are due to SZ and not real attempts to control/hurt you) and tried to help patients develop strategies to deal with biggest difficulties, symptom targeting eg cognitive/social skills training= training simultaneous attention tasks which involve ignoring one task and using positive self talk
-patients come to learn their B+H are not based on reality and patient’s cognitive deficits improve, patients can talk themselves through when suffering hallucinations
Who is family therapy for
Families and SZ patients with high expressed emotion
Why is family therapy used
To improve communication and interactions between family members to reduce anxiety of patient
What happens in family therapy and how does it work
-strategies such as increasing family’s ability to anticipate and solve problems to reduce anger, guilt and blame, balance of caring for a SZ patient and family member’s own well-being eg engaging in activities they enjoy, increases family’s faith in their role as supporters of SZ patient
-by changing the way families interact, reduces levels of EE and stress whilst increasing patient’s medication compliance and reducing chance of relapse and re-admission to hospital
Who is token economy used for and where
Patients with SZ displaying maladaptive behaviours (bad hygiene, poor self-care)
-in institutions such as psychiatric hospitals
Why are token economies used
To increase QoL and enable them to eventually leave the hospital
What happens in token economies and how does this work
-tokens given for desirable behaviours immediately to prevent delay discounting(delay reduces effectiveness of reinforcement), swapped for tangible rewards later eg sweets, TV time, walk outside
-tokens are secondary reinforcers and the reward it is swapped for is primary reinforcer, based on principle of operant conditioning
Expand on strength that there is evidence for effectiveness
-review of results of studies about use of CBT found it has significant but fairly small effect on both positive and negative symptoms
-moderate evidence to show family therapy significantly reduces hospital readmission over the course of a year and improves QoL, however some inconsistent
-modest support for effectiveness and SZ remains one of the harder mental health problems to treat
Expand on weakness that tres at menta improve QoL but do not cure
-aim to make SZ more manageable and improve QoL, CBT allows person to make sense of and challenge some of their symptoms, family therapy helps by reducing the stress of living with SZ in a family and token economies help by making individual’s behaviour more socially acceptable
-do not cure SZ despite being worthwhile, reduces effectiveness
Expand on limitation that there are ethical issues that come with psychological treatments
-privileges become more available to patients with mild symptoms and less for those with more severe symptoms which prevent them from complying with desirable behaviours, most severely ill patients suffer discrimination, reduced use of token economies, also make patients reliant on rewards which makes it harder to reintegrate back into society
-CBT may interfere with persons freedom of thought, modifying their politics
-reduce trust in psychological treatments meaning patients are less likely to seek these out, reduces effecfiveness
Expand on limitation of accessibility for psychological treatments
-not suitable for patients with more severe symptoms and those who have difficulty communicating
-art/music therapy may be more appropriate as require less talking
-should take eclectic approach whereby therapy is adapted to the unique needs of each patient and their problem/treatment goals and motivation so treatment more effective
