Psychological Problems Flashcards
cognitive explanation: depression
beck’s cognitive triad: negative thoughts about: self, world and future. cannot see positive aspects about a situation. prone to seeing things worse than they are.
ellis abc model: activating event, beliefs (irrational), consequence (negative emotion)
cognitive theory: addiction
classical conditioning: associating learning. two things connected, positive feeling associated with addictive behaviour.
operant conditioning: learnt through reinforcement. if it is rewarded, it is continued (if it feels good)
social learning: copying addictive behaviour from role models
genetic explanation: depression
5HTT gene- lack serotonin. if one MZ twin developed depression, 46% chance the other would. if one DZ twin developed depression, only 20% the other would
generic explanation: addiction
DDR2 gene- more susceptible to addictive behaviour. twin studies, if adopted children had one bio parent with an addiction, high chance of developing.
treatments: depression
drug therapy: anti depressants increase neurotransmitters e.g. SSRI: reuptake of serotonin
CBT: stage 1: what makes them feel that way. stage 2: challenging irrational thoughts
treatment: addiction
drug therapy: prevents unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, lessens addictive behaviour and cravings, treats underlying mental health
CBT: application of beck and ellis. two key stages: functional analysis and skills training
capsi et al (2003)
aim: to see why stressful life events cause some to develop depression but not all
procedure: 847 children who’d been studied since birth were split into 2 groups based on their genes. study measured live events between 21 and 26.
results: those who had the short allele of the 5HTT gene were more likely to develop depression after a stressful live event
conclusion: a genetic predisposition is needed (with a a stressful life event) to develop depression
evaluation of capsi et al (2003)
strength: large sample size, 847 participants, generalisable.
weaknesses: unethical, researchers couldn’t interfere with ppts lives, couldn’t protect from maltreatment
young (2007)
aim: to see if CBT is helpful towards diagnosed internet addicts
procedure: 114 participants who completed internet addiction test. CBT sessions were online.
results: differences in what males/females were addicted to. more males in the study. amount of time (issue)
conclusion: CBT is effective as clients reported an increase in ability to control behaviours
evaluation of young (2007)
strength: standardised, all ppts given assessments at 3,8,12 and 6m follow up, reliable
weaknesses: small sample size from USA, 114 ppts, ethnocentric & ungeneralisable
