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Psychology > Psychological problems > Flashcards

Psychological problems Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental health

A

A person’s emotional and psychological wellbeing.

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2
Q

Mental health problem

A

Diagnosable conditions in which a person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours change, causing them to be less able to cope or function.

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3
Q

What does ICD stand for?

A

International Classification of Diseases

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4
Q

What is the ICD?

A

The book that gives criteria for a diagnosis, used by medical professionals.

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5
Q

Stigma

A

A feeling of disapproval that most people have in a society about a particular thing.

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6
Q

Diagnosis

A

An identification of the problem based on symptoms, done by a medical professional.

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7
Q

Unipolar depression

A

Clinical depression, characterised by low mood, loss of interest and low energy.

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8
Q

Sadness

A

A basic human emotion, characterised by low mood.

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9
Q

Bipolar depression

A

Manic depression, characterised by depressive symptoms as well as high moods known as mania.

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10
Q

Nature

A

Things that are innate (we are born with them). Influenced by biology e.g. genetics.

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11
Q

Nurture

A

Things that we develop over time, based on our upbringing, experiences and environment.

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12
Q

How do schemas explain depression?

A

Traumatic events or bad experiences can cause people to develop negative ones which can lead to errors in thinking.

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13
Q

How can attributions explain depression?

A

People with depression tend to blame negative events on internal and

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14
Q

Internal attribution

A

Caused by themselves.

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15
Q

External attribution

A

Caused by something outside of them.

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16
Q

Stable attribution.

A

An unchangeable, constant cause.

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17
Q

Unstable attribution.

A

A temporary, changeable cause.

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18
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cells that make up the nervous system.

19
Q

Synapse

A

The gap between neurons.

20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that pass information across a synapse.

21
Q

Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter believed to be involved in depression.

22
Q

What is the biological explanation for depression?

A

An imbalance of serotonin in the brain.

23
Q

SSRIs

A

A type of antidepressant that helps to increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

24
Q

Antidepressants

A

Medication used to treat the biological causes of depression.

25
Q

What does CBT stand for?

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

26
Q

What is CBT?

A

A talking therapy that aims to change thinking patterns.

27
Q

What was the main finding of Wiles’ study?

A

That CBT is an effective way of treating depression for people who don’t respond to antidepressants on their own.

28
Q

Longitudinal study

A

One that follows participants over a long period of time.

29
Q

Substance misuse

A

Using a substance for purposes, or in amounts, that aren’t how it’s meant to be used.

30
Q

Substance abuse

A

Using a substance in a harmful or dangerous way.

31
Q

Addiction

A

Using a substance to the point of becoming entirely focused on it and needing to have it regularly to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

32
Q

Dependence

A

Using a substance to the point where the brain and body being unable to function normally without it.

33
Q

Dependence syndrome

A

A diagnosis given when someone has a strong and overwhelming need to take a substance, that becomes more important than other behaviours.

34
Q

Genetic vulnerability towards addiction

A

A higher likelihood of becoming addicted, inherited from their biological parents.

35
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins that come from the same cell. They have the same DNA.

36
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Twins that come from separate cells. They have different DNA.

37
Q

What was the main finding of Kaij’s study?

A

That alcoholism has genetic factors that could be inherited.

38
Q

Conformity

A

Changing one’s behaviour to fit in with a group.

39
Q

Peer pressure

A

Being convinced by others around you to do a certain behaviour.

40
Q

Aversion therapy

A

A treatment that pairs up an addictive behaviour with something unpleasant.

41
Q

Self-management groups

A

A treatment that involves meeting regularly with fellow recovering and former addicts.

42
Q

Reductionist treatment

A

A treatment that only focuses on one factor.

43
Q

Holistic treatment

A

A treatment that focuses on all parts of the person’s life.

Psychology (5 decks)

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