Psychological Perspective of the Self Flashcards
One of the earliest proponents of psychology, formulated an idea of what the self is. He discussed two aspects of the self: the I self and the Me self
William James
The _____ self reflects what people see or perceive themselves doing in the physical world
I self
the _____ self is a more subjective and psychological phenomenon, referring to individuals’ reflections about themselves
Me
Subcategories of I-self
1.) Individual self
2.) Relational self
3.) Collective self
Subcategories of Me-self
1.) Material Self
2.) Social Self
3.) Spiritual Self
Is a psychotherapist who created his own therapy approach and eventually a theory of personality.
Carl Rogers
Carl Roger’s Person-Centered Theory has two two basic assumptions about people:
Formative Tendency
Actualizing Tendency
This refers to the tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
Formative Tendency
This refers to the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials.
Actualizing Tendency
Involves the whole person, that is, it involves the physiological and intellectual, rational and emotional, conscious and unconscious
Actualization
Examples of Maintenance Needs
food, air, safety, anything to protect the current self concept
Examples of Enhancement Needs
Learning and achieving psychological growth. Creative power to solve problems, alter self-concepts, and become self-directed.
Is a subset of the actualization tendency, which refers to the whole person’s experiences.
Self-actualization
Includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.
Self-Concept
(True or False)
People often struggle with change and significant learnings once they form their self-concept.
True
Is the second subsystem of the self, encompassing the attributes one aspires to possess.
Ideal Self
(True or False)
A wide gap between the ideal self and self-concept indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality
True
Melanie Klein concept of splitting is an example of ________. An infant develops a “good” and “bad” me
psychic defense mechanism
It consists of aspects of self that tend to distinguish a person from others. It includes a person’s traits, abilities, and possessions. Examples: Being assertive, detail-oriented, and confident.
Individual self
It reflects one’s interpersonal side, consisting of attributes that are shared with close friends and family members and that define roles within a relationship. It reflects valued attachments. Example: Being the older brother of three boys.
Relational self
It represents one’s intergroup side, consisting of shared attributes that differentiate ingroups from outgroups, reflecting membership in valued social groups. Example: “I am a Christian church leader.”
Collective self
It includes those specific items in the physical world with which we personally identify. It is the total world of objects that we own. The material self encompasses the sum total of our home, possessions, friends, and family.
Material self
It constitutes patterns of personal habit that form the mainstay of our relationships.
Social self
It constitutes the individual’s inner and subjective being.
Spiritual self
The concept of the true-self or false-self was proposed by him
Donald Winnicott
It refers to a sense of self based on authentic experience and the feeling of being truly present and alive
Hint: David WInnicott
true-self
It is considered a defensive façade, behind which the person can feel empty, with its behaviours being learnt and controlled rather than spontaneous and genuine.
false-self
He proposed the psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
level of mental life that contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond people’s awareness; it motivates most of our words, feelings, and actions. It is responsible for dreams, slips of the tongue, and repression (a type of forgetting).
Unconscious
level of mental life that contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.
Preconscious
level of mental life that can be defined as those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. It is the only level of mental life that is directly available to us.
Conscious
A province of the mind that serves as the pleasure principle
Id
A province of the mind that is governed by the reality principle
Ego
A province of the mind that represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality.
Superego
He formulated the stages of Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson
He formulated the theory of moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg
