Psychological Perspective of the Self

Question 1

One of the earliest proponents of psychology, formulated an idea of what the self is. He discussed two aspects of the self: the I self and the Me self

Answer 1

William James

Question 2

The _____ self reflects what people see or perceive themselves doing in the physical world

Answer 2

I self

Question 3

the _____ self is a more subjective and psychological phenomenon, referring to individuals’ reflections about themselves

Answer 3

Me

Question 4

Subcategories of I-self

Answer 4

1.) Individual self

2.) Relational self

3.) Collective self

Question 5

Subcategories of Me-self

Answer 5

1.) Material Self

2.) Social Self

3.) Spiritual Self

Question 6

Is a psychotherapist who created his own therapy approach and eventually a theory of personality.

Answer 6

Carl Rogers

Question 7

Carl Roger’s Person-Centered Theory has two two basic assumptions about people:

Answer 7

Formative Tendency

Actualizing Tendency

Question 8

This refers to the tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms

Answer 8

Formative Tendency

Question 9

This refers to the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials.

Answer 9

Actualizing Tendency

Question 10

Involves the whole person, that is, it involves the physiological and intellectual, rational and emotional, conscious and unconscious

Answer 10

Actualization

Question 11

Examples of Maintenance Needs

Answer 11

food, air, safety, anything to protect the current self concept

Question 12

Examples of Enhancement Needs

Answer 12

Learning and achieving psychological growth. Creative power to solve problems, alter self-concepts, and become self-directed.

Question 13

Is a subset of the actualization tendency, which refers to the whole person’s experiences.

Answer 13

Self-actualization

Question 14

Includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

Answer 14

Self-Concept

Question 15

(True or False)

People often struggle with change and significant learnings once they form their self-concept.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Is the second subsystem of the self, encompassing the attributes one aspires to possess.

Answer 16

Ideal Self

Question 17

(True or False)

A wide gap between the ideal self and self-concept indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Melanie Klein concept of splitting is an example of ________. An infant develops a “good” and “bad” me

Answer 18

psychic defense mechanism

Question 19

It consists of aspects of self that tend to distinguish a person from others. It includes a person’s traits, abilities, and possessions. Examples: Being assertive, detail-oriented, and confident.

Answer 19

Individual self

Question 20

It reflects one’s interpersonal side, consisting of attributes that are shared with close friends and family members and that define roles within a relationship. It reflects valued attachments. Example: Being the older brother of three boys.

Answer 20

Relational self

Question 21

It represents one’s intergroup side, consisting of shared attributes that differentiate ingroups from outgroups, reflecting membership in valued social groups. Example: “I am a Christian church leader.”

Answer 21

Collective self

Question 22

It includes those specific items in the physical world with which we personally identify. It is the total world of objects that we own. The material self encompasses the sum total of our home, possessions, friends, and family.

Answer 22

Material self

Question 23

It constitutes patterns of personal habit that form the mainstay of our relationships.

Answer 23

Social self

Question 24

It constitutes the individual’s inner and subjective being.

Answer 24

Spiritual self

Question 25

The concept of the true-self or false-self was proposed by him

Answer 25

Donald Winnicott

Question 26

It refers to a sense of self based on authentic experience and the feeling of being truly present and alive

Hint: David WInnicott

Answer 26

true-self

Question 27

It is considered a defensive façade, behind which the person can feel empty, with its behaviours being learnt and controlled rather than spontaneous and genuine.

Answer 27

false-self

Question 28

He proposed the psychoanalytic theory

Answer 28

Sigmund Freud

Question 29

level of mental life that contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond people’s awareness; it motivates most of our words, feelings, and actions. It is responsible for dreams, slips of the tongue, and repression (a type of forgetting).

Answer 29

Unconscious

Question 30

level of mental life that contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.

Answer 30

Preconscious

Question 31

level of mental life that can be defined as those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. It is the only level of mental life that is directly available to us.

Answer 31

Conscious

Question 32

A province of the mind that serves as the pleasure principle

Answer 32

Id

Question 33

A province of the mind that is governed by the reality principle

Answer 33

Ego

Question 34

A province of the mind that represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality.

Answer 34

Superego

Question 35

He formulated the stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 35

Erik Erikson

Question 36

He formulated the theory of moral development

Answer 36

Lawrence Kohlberg