Psychological models of health and wellbeing

Question 1

Define disease

Answer 1

A pathological condition recognised by indications agreed among biomedical practitioners

Question 2

Define ilness

Answer 2

The subjective state which is experienced by an individual

Question 3

Define sickness

Answer 3

The social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased

Question 4

What is sickness reflected in?

Answer 4

Reflected in a changed lifestyle

Question 5

Name the 4 models of health

Answer 5

1. WHO
2. Biomedical
3. Sociological
4. Biopsychosocial

Question 6

What is health behaviour?

Answer 6

It is any activity undertaken by a healthy purpose of preventing disease or detecting it in an asymotimatic stage

Question 7

What is illness behaviour?

Answer 7

Any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill to define the stage of his health or to discover a suitable remedy

Question 8

What does being sick involve socially?

Answer 8

1. Involves temporary release from ordinary obligations and duties
2. Person may have additional privileges
3. The person has an obligation to co operate and seek help in treatment

Question 9

What is parsons sick role?

Answer 9

He states that being sick is not simply a state of fact or condition
It is a specially patterned soil role
In western societies the sick role implies major expectations

Question 10

Give some of the rights of the sick role

Answer 10

1. Sick person is temporarily exempt from ‘normal’ social roles.
2. The more severe the sickness the greater the exemption
3. Sick person is generally not help responsible for their condition. Illness considered beyond individuals’ control therefore not simply curable by will power
4. Sick person has a high to be taken care of

Question 11

Give some obligations/duties of a sick role

Answer 11

1. Sick person is expected to see being sick as undesirable thus they have an obligation to try and ‘get well’
2. In this context exemption from normal responsibilities is temporary and conditional upon wanting and trying to get better
3. The sick person has an obligation to seek technically competent help from a suitably qualified professional
4. Sick person must co operate in the process of getting better

Question 12

How might a sick person Loe they ‘rights’

Answer 12

If they do not fulfil their obligations or duties

Question 13

What are some of the criticisms of the sick role?

Answer 13

1. Resistance/ rejection of the sick role
2. Roles of doctor/patient (‘doctor knows best’)
3. Disease ‘stigma’ and victim blaming
4. Acute vs chronic health conditions
5. Out of date

Question 14

Gives some models of health behaviour

Answer 14

1. Health belief model
2. Health action model
3. Theory of reasoned action
4. Transtheoretical model of behaviour change

Question 15

Why do we need to study health behaviours?

Answer 15

1. It is associated with morality and morbidity
2. Associated with dental health
3. Potentially can modify health behaviour
4. Helps identify risks groups
5. Helps us target preventative programmes

Question 16

Why do we study health beliefs?

Answer 16

1. It correlates with health behaviours

2. Helps differentiate between those who did and did not undertake health behaviours

Question 17

What is the theory of reasoned action based on?

Answer 17

Beliefs and behaviours

Question 18

What does a patient need to change their behaviour according to the TRA?

Answer 18

They need to have an intention to carry out the behaviour

Question 19

Give an examples of the TRA using sugar

Answer 19

1. They need have the belief that sugar is harmful
2. Carry out an outcome evaluation whereby they see that cutting down sugar will help protect their teeth
3. Patient is aware of the normative beliefs for example their parents also want them to cut down sugar intake
4. All the points above will change the attitudes of the patient to cutting down sugar
5. This will help them make the intention to cut down on sugar
6. This will help them cane their behaviour

Question 20

What is the normative belief?

Answer 20

What a patient thinks the people important in their lives think about a certain issue

Question 21

Name the 5 major stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change

Answer 21

1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Question 22

Briefly go thorough the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change

Answer 22

1. Pre-contemplation: Patent is not ready to change
2. Contemplation: The patient is thinking about changing and feeling ambitious
3. Preparation: Patent is deciding to change
4. Action: Patent is deciding and beginning to change
5. Maintenance: Patient sustains the change

Question 23

What can happen at any point during the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change?

Answer 23

Patent can relapse due to barriers to change