Psychological Models of Addiction Flashcards
what is the new approach to tackling scotland’s drug problem?
the road to recovery
what is the hidden harm report?
scottish executive response to the report of the inquiry by the advisory council on the misuse of drugs
what is the moral model of addiction? - 1985
addictions seen as wilful violations of societal rules, a result of human weakness
what is the dispositional disease model of addiction? - 1935
primary causal factor is individual but loss of control and restraint is central premise - disease of addiction which is irreversible
what is the personality model of addiction? - 1950s
primary causal factor is the individual as the roots of their addiction lie in their abnormal personality
what is the biological / medical model of addiction? - 1970s
emphasis on genetic and physiological processes in determining addiction - disorder of brain function
considers pharmacology of substance
what are the discrete neural circuits involved in different stages of addiction?
binge-intoxication (VTA, ventral striatum)
withdrawal / negative affect (amygdala)
preoccupation / anticipation (cortex, hippocampus, insula, cingulate gyrus)
what is conditioning?
process of behaviour modification whereby an individual comes to associate a desired behaviour with a previous unrelated stimuli
is substance misuse a learned behaviour?
yes - treatment must involve relearning new behaviours
what is example of attention bias?
heroin user can hear tinfoil round turkey in oven and think about heroin
what is example of memory bias?
they know how bad it is for you but when they see it, the cognitive part of brain stops working and all they remember is how good it is
half an hour later - “why did i do that”
what is the biopsychosocial model for addiction?
concerned with interaction of biological factors (physical health, genetics), psychological factors (mental health) and social factors (finances, social support)
holistic approach - no factors are dominant
