Psychological interventions Flashcards
benefits of active listening
let clients know their story has been heard – incolves skills that show interesting in the client and understand their situation.
- Best way to make someone feel valued is active listening
what is empathetic responding and why is it helpful?
o Feeling empathy for others is only helpful if the perceptions connected to and reflected back with empathy to client are accurate
o ‘You feel’ statements linked to ‘because’ statements
o Reflection of feeling includes a sentence stem (
o I hear you are, I sense you are), feeling label (feeling.. happy, sad, mad etc) then a check out (am I hearing you correctly, is that right?)
o Expected result: clients will understand their own emotional reactions more fully + feel understood.
What are the 3 types of reflection/summarisation?
Minimal – simple repeating of key words or phrases can encourage further talk and show understanding
Paraphrase/standard reflection – sentence stem (looks like..), key words (matching client language), essence of what has been said (briefer and clearer) and check out for accuracy (is that close, have I got that right)
Summarization – longer reflection, can include the various items discussed of observed.
what is Ivey 5 stage model of Problem resolution and change
o Development of empathic relationship
o Helping client explore their story and strengths
o Setting goals mutually
o Re-story including working and exploring alternatives an d conflicts
o Action involving applying changes, generalisation of learning and eventually termination
what % of outcomes due to therapeutic relationship ?
30%
what is - Rogers’ Person-centered therapy theory?
therapists be congruent, empathic, non-judgemental, unconditional positive regard, attention, collaborative relationship, respect, counselling skills.
- What categorises the nature of the working alliance?
o Therapeutic skills and therapeutic orientation
o Directive or nondirective stance or choose collaborative style
o Collaborative focused – greater sense of own self-efficacy
what are the 3 r’s of therapeutic relationships?
o Resistance – deal by discuss gently
o Ruptures – when there has been a misunderstanding which has disrupted the working alliance
o Re-enactment – ongoing when the same type of problem or interaction the client is having with others in their wide life is being played out in therapy sessions between therapist and client
what are the core conditions? what are the benefits of them?
also known as common factors or non-specific factors)
- empathy and warmth
- offering overarching structure of thoughts and guides interactions
- focus on the nature of intervening with clients
Cognitive and Behavioural Interventions include:
REBT
emotional regulation,
chain analysis,
behavioural experiments,
MI
relapse prevention,
psychoeducation,
behaviour modification,
exposure therapy,
behavioural activation,
skills training,
self-management,
relaxation strategies.
What’s the point of CBT?
o Outcome based and time limited treatment to target irrational or maladaptive cognitive patterns and establish more helpful ones.
what does CBT involve?
o Challenging of automatic thoughts, maladaptive assumptions and dysfunctional schemas w
o Traditional behaviour interventions derived from learning theory
o Psychoeducation
What is the underlying assumption of CBT?
- assumption cognitions influence emotion, behaviour and physical reactions through both content cognition and process of cognition.
- Negative triad – assess view of self, world and future
- Switching between different modes of processing tends to be more adaptive
- 4 general steps in many cognitive therapies:
o 1. Supportive atmosphere
o 2. Socratic dialogue for client’s beliefs
o 3. Test beliefs and assumptions
o 4. Modifying thoughts through guided discovery which can then be tested
What does Elis REBT state
challenge irrational beliefs by looking at activating events, beliefs and consequences. THen dispute thought and check the effect of changes thinking and new feelings (ABCDEF)
when do emotions become dysfunctional (CBT)?
when they interfere with adaptation and ability to choose behaviour adaptively
how is emotional reg developed in CBT?
by assisting clients to use adaptive cognitive strategies such as problem solving and reappraisal
when are chain analysis used?
– used to help clients identify vulnerability factors, activating events as well as thoughts, feelings and behaviours in response to said events
what is the metaphor for chain analysis?
o Metaphor or chain analysis: frames in film – where a therapist can help clients ‘freeze a frame’ for discussion where clients are describing the timeline of a specific event. (shown to be helpful for suicide prevention)
What is Prochaska and DiClemente (1982) change model:
Pre-contemplation,
contemplation,
determination,
action and
maintenance
(and movement to eventual permanent abstinence or relapse)
Main foci of MI is 3 fundamentals:
- Collaboration
- Evocation (evoke/draw out emotion)
- Autonomy
what does Relapse prevention involved?
goal identification, identification of negative emotions that influence propensity to drugs (urge/cravings) or not engage in daily exercise routine, identify relationships influencing unhealthy choices, problem solving danger situations, remind of reasons for healthy behaviours and engage in health behaviours.
