Psychological influences on health

Question 1

Key behavioural risk factors for chronic diseases

Answer 1

smoking - CVD, cancer
obesity - type 2 DM
poor diet
lack of physical activity 
excess alcohol

Question 2

factors affecting effectiveness of health behaviour change?

Answer 2

women and elderly

shorter interventions

Question 3

population level policies, interventions and programmes to change health behaviours

Answer 3

fiscal and legislative 
local advertising and mass media
positive role models 
point of sale promotions and interventions
sector organisations

Question 4

Selecting interventions and programmes aimed at communities

Answer 4

support organisations and institutions offering opportunities for local people to take part in
plan and deliver services
leisure and volunteering
positive social networks

Question 5

Selecting interventions and programmes aimed at individuals

Answer 5

feel positive about benefits of health enhancing behaviour
plan changes in terms of easy steps over time
recognise how relationships affect behaviour
plan explicit “if then” coping strategies to prevent relapse

Question 6

Information

Answer 6

relevant to current goals
easily remembered and understood
readily available in moment of decision or action

Question 7

Example of behaviour change ***

Answer 7

advantages outweigh disadvantages
anticipate positive response from others
social pressure to change
perceive new behaviour consistent with self image
able to carry out behaviour in range of circumstances

Question 8

what can be used to develop behavioural skills?

Answer 8

role play/rehearsal

Question 9

SMART goal

Answer 9

specific 
measurable 
achievable 
realistic 
timely