Psychological influences on health Flashcards
What are the key behavioural risk factors related to chronic diseases?
Smoking Overweight and obesity Poor diet Lack of physical activity/sedentary behaviour Excessive alcohol consumption
What are the major diseases linked to smoking?
CVDs e.g. HTN, CHD
COPD
some cancers
What are the major diseases linked to overweight and obesity?
Cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, Some cancers
What are the major diseases linked to lack of exercise?
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Osteoporosis, Back pain, Some cancers
What are the major diseases linked to excessive alcohol consumption?
Obesity, Liver disease, Cardiovascular disease, Some cancers , Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Pancreatitis, Psychiatric disorders
What two systems interact comprise human behaviours
Reflective and automatic system
What 3 factors comprise the behaviour change theory
Personal (how confident the individual feels about changing the behaviour)
Behaviour (habitual or automatic the behaviour is)
Environment (social support as well as barriers eg time and money)
To influence action/behaviour, information must be:
Relevant to current goals
Easily understood and remembered
Readily available in the moment of decision or action
What defines the (belief) in ability to change?
self-efficacy
What does self efficacy underpin?
goal-setting
effort investment
persistence in face of barriers
and recovery from setbacks
What constructs the beliefs and capabilities?
- self efficacy and self esteem and self confidence
- control (of behaviour and material and social environment)
- perceived competence
- optimism/pessimism
What constructs the motivation and goals?
intentions goal target intrinsic motivation commitment priorities
How can environmental change help behavioural change?
e.g. choice architecture (refers to the environment in which an individual make choices).
Changing the way options are presented or altering the social and physical environment can make it much more likely that a particular choice becomes the natural or default preference.
What are the 3 behaviour change recommendations?
- Take account of the circumstances in which people live, especially socioeconomic and cultural context and potential barriers circumstances may create.
- Aim to develop and build on people’s strengths or ‘assets’ and skills
- Tailor interventions to tackle the individual beliefs, attitudes, intentions, skills and knowledge associated with the target behaviours
What does motivation depend on?
on seeing the value of change and having faith in your ability to manage the change.
