Psychological Influences

Question 1

What are the 5 key behavioral risk factors for chronic diesases

Answer 1

Smoking
Obesity
Diet
Exercise
Alcohol

Question 2

What are 4 reasons a newly pregnant mother could be convinced to quit drinking alcohol

Answer 2

The advantages of not drinking (babies health) outweigh the disadvantages
Positive responses from others due to the behavior change
Social pressure from others to change behavior
The new behavior would be consistent with her new self image as a mother with maternal instincts

Question 3

What is self-efficacy

Answer 3

The belief in ones ability to change

Question 4

What 4 things should self efficacy be underpinned by

Answer 4

goal-setting
effort investment
persistence in face of barriers
recovery from setbacks

Question 5

What are S.M.A.R.T. goals

Answer 5

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timely

Question 6

What is a hazard

Answer 6

something with the potential to cause harm

Question 7

What is risk

Answer 7

the likelihood of harm occurring

Question 8

What is a risk factor

Answer 8

something that increases the risk of harm

Question 9

What is a protective factor

Answer 9

something that decreases the risk of harm

Question 10

What is susceptibility

Answer 10

something that increases the likelihood that something will cause harm

Question 11

What are the 5 categories of hazards

Answer 11

physical
chemical
mechanical
biological
psycho-social

Question 12

What are the 4 different routes of exposure

Answer 12

skin
blood
inhalation
ingestion

Question 13

What are the 3 factors that influence the degree of risk

Answer 13

how much a person is exposed
how a person is exposed
conditions of exposure

Question 14

What are the 3 principles that govern the perception of risk

Answer 14

feeling in control
size of the possible harm
familiarity with the risk

Question 15

What are involuntary risks

Answer 15

situations we believe we have little control

Question 16

What are voluntary risks

Answer 16

situations we believe we have some control

Question 17

What are the 6 individual variables in risk perception

Answer 17

previous experience
attitudes towards risk
values
beliefs
socio-personality
demographic factors

Question 18

What are the 3 direct environmental hazards

Answer 18

physical - e.g. radiation
chemical - i.e. pesticides
biological - i.e. infectious agents

Question 19

What are the 4 indirect environmental hazards

Answer 19

Housing
Transport
Town planning
Income

Question 20

What are 3 methods of hazardous exposure

Answer 20

Diet
Inhalation
Dermal

Question 21

How many deaths are there per year due to past exposure to harmful working conditions

Answer 21

12,000

Question 22

How many occupational cancer deaths are there per year (how many due to asbestos)

Answer 22

8,000 (4,000 due to asbestos)

Question 23

How many COPD deaths are there per year due to past occupational exposure to fumes, chemical or dust

Answer 23

4,000

Question 24

How many cases of ill health are caused or made worse by work per year

Answer 24

1,200,000

Question 25

What are 4 factors that influence global health and sustainability

Answer 25

Inequalities in health within and between countries Effective use of limited resources Level of technology Political outlooks

Question 26

How does the WHO rank health systems

Answer 26

50% health 25% responsiveness 25% fair financial contribution

Question 27

What are the 9 main social inequalities that effect health

Answer 27

``` lack of education poor diet unemployment poor housing poverty social class race gender sexuality ```

Question 28

What are the 2 definitions of culture

Answer 28

a complex whole which include knowledge, beliefs, art morals, law, customs, etc systems of shared ideas, systems of concepts and rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human beings live

Question 29

What is the definition of disease

Answer 29

a physiological or psychological dysfunction

Question 30

What is the definition of ethnicity

Answer 30

cultural practices and outlooks that characterise and distinguish a certain group of people (i.e. common language)

Question 31

What is the definition of incidence

Answer 31

the number of new cases of a disease in a defined period of time

Question 32

What is the defection of prevalence

Answer 32

the number of individuals with a disease at a given point in time or within a defined interval

Question 33

What is the definition of race

Answer 33

a group of people linked by biological or genetic factors

Question 34

What is the WHO definition of health

Answer 34

Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity