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12 Psychology > Psychological Health and Wellbeing > Flashcards

Psychological Health and Wellbeing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mental health?

A

A state of wellbeing in which an individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to their community.

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2
Q

How does the DSM-5 define mental disorders?

A

‘Syndromes characterised by clinically significant disturbances in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in psychological, biological or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.’

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3
Q

What are two examples of culturally appropriate responses that are not considered mental disorders?

A
  • The death of a loved one
  • The loss of a job
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4
Q

What is a major problem with the DSM-V regarding mental disorders?

A

Definitions for mental disorders are culturally constructed.

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5
Q

What role does culture play in mental health?

A

Culture influences help-seeking behavior, symptom description, acceptance of mental illness, and stigma associated with mental illness.

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6
Q

What was the belief about psychological distress in ancient times?

A

It was believed to be caused by demons.

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7
Q

What is trephination?

A

A procedure involving drilling holes into the skull.

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8
Q

What is moral therapy?

A

A combination of rest, talk, prayer, and manual work used in asylums.

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9
Q

What are some positive influences of social media on mental health?

A
  • Education
  • Counselling
  • Communication
  • Entertainment
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10
Q

What are some negative influences of social media on mental health?

A
  • Bullying
  • Addictive nature
  • Unrealistic standards
  • Identity theft/privacy concerns
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11
Q

What is behaviour modification?

A

An intervention used by psychologists to modify a specific maladaptive behaviour through a formal step-by-step process.

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12
Q

What is a potential ethical concern related to behaviour modification?

A

Changing behaviours could do harm.

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13
Q

Why is sleep important for mental health?

A

Sleep is essential for good mental health and sleep deprivation negatively affects psychological state.

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14
Q

What is the bidirectional link between mental health and sleep disorders?

A

About 40-50% of people with insomnia also have a mental health disorder.

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15
Q

What are the theories of sleep needs?

A
  • Repair and restoration
  • Clean up
  • Evolutionary
  • Consolidation
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16
Q

What is sleep deprivation?

A

Not getting enough sleep to function optimally.

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17
Q

What are symptoms of sleep deprivation?

A
  • Increased daytime sleepiness
  • Irritability
  • Hand tremors
  • Headaches
  • Slower reaction time
  • Poorer memory
  • Microsleeps
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18
Q

What are the two types of sleep deprivation?

A
  • Partial
  • Continuous
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19
Q

What is sleep debt?

A

Accumulating a deficit of sleep over time, such as needing 8 hours but only getting 7.

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20
Q

What are some social factors affecting sleep?

A
  • Co-sleeping and parenting choices
  • Media use
  • Personal choices
  • Extracurricular activities
  • Homework time
  • School schedule
  • Shift work
  • Jet lag
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21
Q

What is eustress?

A

Positive, helpful, and motivating stress.

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22
Q

What is distress?

A

Negative, unhelpful stress that leads to feeling overwhelmed and symptomatic.

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23
Q

What is acute stress?

A

Stress caused by daily demands and pressure that appears and disappears quickly.

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24
Q

What is chronic stress?

A

Stress caused by persistent or long-term stressors, leading to depletion of the body’s resources.

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25
What triggers the flight or fight response?
Facing a stressor.
26
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
* Sympathetic nervous system * Parasympathetic nervous system
27
What is the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)?
A term developed by Selye to describe how the body deals with stress over an extended period, consisting of three stages: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.
28
What happens during the alarm stage of GAS?
Release of adrenaline and cortisol, and activation of the flight or fight response.
29
What are the three dimensions of job burnout?
* Exhaustion * Depersonalisation * Lack of personal accomplishment
30
What are some negative long-term effects of stress?
* Anxiety and depression * Digestive problems * Headaches * Heart attack * Sleep problems * Weight gain * Memory problems * Change in mood
31
What are some coping strategies for stress?
A set of tools and strategies used to manage stress.
32
What is burnout?
Physical and emotional exhaustion in relation to your job ## Footnote Linked to the exhaustion phase of GAS.
33
What are the three dimensions of burnout?
* Exhaustion: emotional resources are gone * Depersonalisation: indifference to work * Lack of personal accomplishment: negative view of work
34
What are coping strategies?
A set of tools/strategies used to avoid or reduce burnout, distress, acute and chronic stress.
35
What are the two types of coping strategies?
* Approach: target stressor and take action * Avoidant: avoid or escape threatening thoughts and emotions
36
What does problem-focused coping aim to do?
Aim to directly reduce the stressor.
37
What is an example of an approach strategy?
* Time management * Exercise * Seeking support
38
What is an example of an emotion-focused strategy?
* Meditation * Listening to calming music * Creating a peaceful space * Journaling * Worry list * Positive thinking
39
What defines mental health disorders?
Behaviours, thoughts, and emotions that significantly impair work, study, or social functioning.
40
What is the DSM-V?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association's 5th edition used for diagnosing mental illness.
41
What characterizes depression?
An extended experience of negative emotions, thoughts, behaviours, and functioning for at least two weeks.
42
What are biological factors contributing to depression?
* Change in brain chemistry * Imbalance of neurotransmitters * Genetic predisposition * Overuse of substances
43
What psychological factors can lead to depression?
* Vulnerable time frames for genders * Personality types that are less flexible * Psychological distress from trauma
44
What social factors can contribute to depression?
* Lack of supportive social networks * Stigma in some cultures * Major life events like natural disasters
45
What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?
* Strong and/or frequent anxiety or fear * Headaches, trembling, nausea, muscle tension
46
What are some common anxiety disorders?
* Phobias * Panic disorder * OCD * PTSD * Generalised anxiety disorder * Social phobia
47
What biological factors contribute to anxiety disorders?
* Overactive amygdala * Genetic markers * Low dopamine levels * High serotonin levels
48
What psychological factors are associated with anxiety?
* Interpretation bias * Impaired memory due to worry * Past experiences and personality
49
What social factors can influence anxiety disorders?
* Traumatic events * Environmental stressors * Lack of family support
50
What are SSRIs?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors used as anti-depressant medications.
51
What are the advantages of anti-depressant medications?
* Allow effective functioning * More successful with therapy * Readily available
52
What are the disadvantages of anti-depressant medications?
* Negative side effects * Addictive potential * May take time to find the right dosage
53
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
Structured psychological treatment recognizing the link between thoughts, behavior, and feelings.
54
What are the advantages of CBT?
* Longer success * Applicable across demographics * Can reuse strategies if symptoms resurface
55
What are the disadvantages of CBT?
* Difficult thought processes * Expensive * Time-consuming
56
What is systematic desensitization?
A psychological intervention based on Classical Conditioning used in treating phobias and anxiety.
57
What are some features of resilient people?
* Sense of autonomy * Calm under pressure * Positive self-esteem * Optimism
58
What biological factors enhance resilience?
* Healthy sleep * Adrenaline * Exercise * Balanced diet
59
What psychological factors contribute to resilience?
* Positive mindset * Good communication * Learning and memory
60
What social factors enhance resilience?
* Supportive relationships * Socio-economic advantage * Positive school/work environment
61
What is the importance of resilience?
* Improved learning * Lower sickness absences * More community involvement
62
What objective quantitative methods are used to measure sleep?
* EEG * EOG * EMG
63
What subjective quantitative method measures likelihood of falling asleep?
Epworth sleepiness scale.
64
What ethical considerations must researchers keep in mind?
* Minimizing harm * Informed consent * Right to withdraw
65
What is a duty of care in mental health?
Protecting the rights and dignity of clients with mental illnesses.
66
What can be a consequence of mental illness diagnosis?
It can be both positive and harmful.

12 Psychology (2 decks)

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