Psychological foundations Flashcards
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n)
proposed explanation
___ focused on examining the physiology of one’s behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind
William James
In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was ___
Functionalism
proponents of the early school of ___ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings and motive are unimportant in understanding human behavior and that only observable actions should be studies
behaviorism
Mario has not been doing well in his third-grade classroom. His teacher noticed that he wasn’t focusing in class and mistakenly thought he was being lazy. In fact, the truth was that Mario’s family couldn’t afford enough food to feed their family and therefore, he regularly goes to school without and breakfast. Which level of need would best describe what is going on with Mario?
physiological
___ focused on the potential of humans to be creative, have a positive outlook and pursue higher values through a process of self-actualization
Abraham Maslow
In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind
structuralism
In the late 1800s, this approach examined how the mind operates and how conscious thoughts in the mind have continually evolved since the beginning of time
functionalism
Which school of thought examined mental processes that are in the unconscious mind to explain behavior?
psychodynamic
Which school of thought in the early 2oth century focused on observable behavior and relationships between stimuli and responses?
behaviorism
Which perspective withing psychology emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all people?
humanism
You spend weeks teaching your new dog how to roll over. The rewards and reinforcers you use to shape her behavior are based on which early school of psychology.
behaviorism
Scientific theories are
supported by evidence
Vashna’s parents give her an allowance every day that her bed is made, and her room is picked dup. Her parents are utilizing principles from which school of psychology?
behaviorism
A person’s conscience and voice of reason and goodness is the
superego
Wilhelm Wundt’s usage of introspection to measure the workings of the mind is known as
structuralism
Which of the following are major areas of interest in cognitive psychology?
perception and language
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is a way to access the unconscious mind?
seemingly innocent slips of the tongue
Which questions would a social psychologist most likely address when studying Alzheimer’s disease?
How does caring for a person with Alzheimer’s affect family members? How does it affect family members financially, physically and emotionally? How do societies in other cultures provide care for persons with Alzheimer’s disease?
In Milgram’s controversial study on obedience, nearly ___ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person becase they were told to do so by an authority figure.
2/3
Cognitive psychology is characterized by all of the following except
it emphasizes introspection
Dr. Lou is a ___ psychologist. His most recent study involved an exploration of how children understand the difference between a horse and a dog. Essentially, he is studying their internal mental processes
cognitive
Dr. Khan wants to study the process of changing a habit. She is most likely a ____ psychologist
behavioral
Dr. Smith is a ____ psychologist. In therapy, she often asks her clients about their childhood. She also helps them explore the role of the unconscious on conscious behavior
psychodynamic
Which questions would a biopsychologist most likely address when studying depression?
Des stress or lack of exercise affect the nervous system and hormones to either cause or prevent depression?
If Kayla is interested in personality psychology, she is most likely to study
long-standing traits and patterns that propel behavior
Which psychological domain would include a study of learning and conditioning?
developmental psychology
____ psychology is the field withing psychology that focuses on studying thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
cognitive
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
bachelor’s degree
One would need at least a(n) ____ degree to serve as a school psychologist
master’s
Typically, an adjunct psychology professor will have a
master’s degree in psychology
