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Comp Exam > Psychological & Forensic Assessment > Flashcards

Psychological & Forensic Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

MCMI-4: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (General Info)

personality test

A

General:
* self-report measure – provides information about a client’s personality, emotional adjustment, and attitude toward test-taking
* It focuses on personality disorders as well as other frequent clinical symptoms
* created by Theo Millon – adapted from his theory of personality which viewed personality based on successful/unsuccessful adaptations (ranges on a spectrum)
* intended for use with clinical populations, 18 years or older, with 5-8th grade reading ability
* MCMI3 does have a correctional setting normative report system!
* consists of 195 true/false items

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2
Q

MCMI-4: Scales

A
  • Uses (BR) Base Rate scores for ALL scales
  • BR scores are derived from prevalance of behavior being measured
  • Scores that are at or above cutoff score = clinically significant
  • EX: BR score of 85+ indicates a prominant feature vs 75+ indicates a present feature

Clinical Scales are divided into:
1. Clinical Personality Patterns (12 total)
2. Severe Personality Pathology (3 total)
3. Clinical Syndromes (7 total)
4. Severe Syndromes (3 total)
(#1-2 = personality, #3-4 = clinical disorder)

Validity scales are called Modifying Indices (MI):
1. Validity Index
2. Disclosure Index
3. Desirability Index
4. Debasement Index
* underreporting usually score low on disclosure and debasement and high in desirability
* malingering usually score high on disclosure and debasement

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3
Q

MCMI4: Clinical Personality Pattern Scales

what are the 12 scales

A
  • Schizoid (interpersonally unengaged, apathetic)
  • Avoidant (interpersonally aversive, alienated self)
  • Melancholic/Depressive (worthless self-image, woeful, fatalistic cognitions)
  • Dependent (childish/puerile, submissive interpersonally, inept self-image)
  • Histrionic (dramatic, attention-seeking, fickle)
  • Turbulent (new: impetuous/impulsive, high spirited, exalted self-image)
  • Narcissistic (exploititive, cognitively expansive, admirable self-image)
  • Antisocial (interpersonally irresponsible, acting-out, autonomous self-image)
  • Sadistic (interpersonally abrasive)
  • Compulsive (disciplined, constricted cognitively)
  • Negativistic (embittered, discontent self-image, irritable)
  • Masochistic (dysphoric, undeserving, inverted negative views)
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4
Q

MCMI4: Severe Personality Pathology Scales

what are the 3 scales

A
  • Schizotypal (cognitively circumstantial, estranged self-image, chaotic)
  • Borderline (uncertain self, split views, labile/easily changed temperament)
  • Paranoid (defensive, mistrustful, projection views)
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5
Q

MCMI4: Clinical Syndrome Scales

what are the 7 scales

A
  • GAD
  • Somatic Symptom
  • Bipolar Spectrum
  • Persistent Depression
  • Acohol Use
  • Drug Use
  • PTSD
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6
Q

MCMI4: Severe Clinical Syndrome Scales

what are the 3 scales

A
  • Schizophrenia spectrum (thought disorders)
  • Major Depression
  • Delusional
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7
Q

MCMI4: MI-v

validity index

A
  • composed of three items that if endorsed as true indicate absurd responses.
  • If more than one is marked as true, it strongly suggests that the person responded randomly.

aka tests for randomness & valid scores

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8
Q

MCMI4: MI-x

disclosure index

A
  • designed to measure if a client’s responses are open and revealing (vs. defensive).
  • Very low scores indicates defensive underreporting
  • Very high scores are one indicator of one who is exaggerating symptoms.
  • This is the ONLY scale on the MCMI that gets interpreted if either high or low
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9
Q

MCMI4: MI-y

desirability index

A
  • it is also a measure of defensive responding.
  • Scores above 75 indicates a highly unrealistic presentation of oneself with regards to morals, interpersonal and emotional functioning.
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10
Q

MCMI4: MI-z

debasement index

A
  • this scale measures the extent to which a person is presenting in a negative, severely pathological manner.
  • Scores 75 or higher indicate either a cry for help from acute distress or a fake bad profile
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11
Q

MCMI4: Interpretation Basics

A
  1. Look to MI to determine if there are any unusual responses that invalidate the test results
  2. Look to Personality Disorder Scales (if significant elevations in Severe Personality scales – those are most relevant and other scores individualize symptom/presentation)
  3. Look to Clinical Syndrome Scales (proceed the same as Personality)
  4. Find relationship between elevations on both personality and clinical scales, in general – higher scores = more likely DSM5TR match is accurate
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12
Q

MCMI4 vs other similar tests:

A
  • The MCMI can be used as an alternative to the MMPI since they both provide a wide range of information concerning psychological functioning.
  • The MCMI can also be used to complement the MMPI since the MMPI focuses primarily on clinical symptoms while one of the MCMI’s primary functions is to assist in the diagnosis of PD’s.
  • Some prefer the MCMI because it is shorter, taking between 20 to 30 minutes to complete (especially when compared to the MMPI-2).
  • Nonetheless, the studies and research on the MCMI, although sufficient, do not compare to the wealth of data on the MMPI.
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13
Q

(WAIS4) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: General

intelligence

A
  • individually administered instrument to assess comprehensive cognitive ability
  • developed by David Wechsler
  • high reliability and validity, high standardization for administering
  • biggest issues = careless errors in administering or scoring
  • current norms correspond with demographics of the US census data
  • paper and pencil test, 60-90 minutes for core subject tests
  • Ages: 16-90(&11 months) years old
  • 3 groups of Scores:
  • Full-Scale IQ
  • 4 Index
  • Subtest-Level Scaled
  • 15 subtests = 10 core + 5 supplemental
  • subtest scores are used to create composite scores for 4 cognitive domains
  • Cognitive Domains tested for:
    1. verbal comprehension
    2. perceptual reasoning
    3. working memory
    4. processing speed
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14
Q

WAIS4: Scoring & Scales

basics for understanding

A
  • FSIQ = full scale IQ which is the summation of the index scales
  • Index Scales = 4 individual cognitive domains
  • Subtest-Level Scaled Scores = scaled scores per individual subtest
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15
Q

WAIS4: Verbal Comprehension

what do they each measure?

A
  • measures verbal reasoning, concept formation, and verbal knowledge acquired through the environment
  • specific sub-tests: similarities, vocabulary, information
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16
Q

WAIS4: Perceptual Reasoning

what do they each measure?

A
  • specific sub-tests: block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles
  • nonverbal or fluid reasoning, spatial processing, visual-motor integration
17
Q

WAIS4: Working Memory

measures?

A
  • attention, concentration, mental control
  • specific sub-tests: digit span, arithmetic
18
Q

WAIS4: Processing Speed

measures?

A
  • specific sub-tests: symbol search, coding
  • ability to quickly process simple visual information, visual memory, and visual-motor coordination
19
Q

(SIMS) Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology: General

brief measure

A
  • The SIMS is a 75-item, true-or-false screening instrument that assesses both malingered psychopathology and neuropsychological symptoms.
  • Administration time is 10-15 minutes; additional 15 minutes for scoring
  • Intended for individuals ages 18 years and older; written at a 5th-grade reading level
  • Should be used as part of a battery of tests to provide convergent evidence of malingering.
  • Provides five scale domains—Psychosis, Low Intelligence, Neurologic Impairment, Affective Disorders, and Amnestic Disorders—as well as an overall score for probable malingering.
  • An elevated total score indicates the person endorsed a high frequency of symptoms and impairment that is not typical of individuals who have genuine psychiatric or cognitive disorders.
  • The SIMS has demonstrated very good utility in identifying malingering across multiple studies.
20
Q

(SASSI4) Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory: General

brief measure

A
  • Screening tool to identify individuals with a high probability of having a substance abuse disorder.
  • Administration time is 15 minutes; 5 minutes to score
  • Intended for use with individuals 18 years and older
  • Consists of 93 items, includes both face valid and subtle items.
  • The subtle items are included to identify some individuals with alcohol and other drug problems who are unwilling or unable to acknowledge substance misuse or symptoms associated with it.
  • Scale scores include indication of defensive responding, clients’ level of insight and awareness of the effects of their substance misuse, evidence of emotional pain, and relative risk of involvement with the legal/judicial system.
21
Q

(BSI) Beck Symptom Inventory: General

brief measure

A
  • The BSI is the shortened version of the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and it provides a quick assessment of an individual’s current level of symptoms
  • Administration time is approx. 10 minutes; about 10 minutes for scoring
  • Intended for individuals ages 13 and older; a 6th grade reading level is required
  • It is composed of 53 items that the client rates in terms of severity (0=not at all to 4=extremely)

Scales provided:
* 9 symptom dimensions: Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Somatization, Obsessive Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism
* 3 global indexes: Global Severity (overall level of distress), Positive Symptom Distress Index (symptom intensity), Positive Symptom Total (number of symptoms)

  • Scoring is based on different set of norms provided for psychiatric outpatients, psychiatric inpatients, nonpatients, nonpatient adolescents.
  • Raw scores are converted to T-Scores. Scores above 63 are considered clinically significant.
22
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Brief Measures

A

Major strengths of brief instruments:
* Efficient – typically take 10 to 15 minutes to complete
* Straight-forward – for both evaluee and evaluator

Weaknesses include:
* Potential for bias since they rely strictly on self-report (over- and underreporting)
* Do not provide wealth of information of a standard psychological test

23
Q

How and Why are Brief Measures used?

A

Brief instruments are utilized in psychological assessment:
* To compliment a basic battery of tests and address specific areas of concern
* As a screening tool
* To monitor treatment progress
* As an outcome measure in determining treatment efficacy

24
Q

(CST) Competency Screening Test: General

actuarial measure

A
  • 22 items in sentence completion self reporting format
  • Scored on a 3-point scale, from 0 to 2, based on one or more of these factors
  • Scores are summated and can total in a range from 0 to 44.
  • A score of 20 or below is judged as incompetency for trial
  • Reliability by trained researchers was .93, significant at the .001 level.
  • Each item related to some aspect of the defendant preparing for and going to trial
  • As a screening instrument, the purpose of the CST is to avoid hospitalization of those defendants who may be tested in the court and most likely deemed to be competent, rather than delay the trial of those individuals.
  • The test results of the CST and judges’ decisions on return to trial were generally consistent.

6 Key Factors that are evaluated:
1. Relationship to one’s attorney in establishing a defense
2. Understanding and awareness of the nature of the court proceedings
3. Affective response to the court process in dealing with accusations and feelings of guilt
4. Judgmental qualities in engaging in the strategy and evaluation of the trial
5. Trust and confidence in the attorney
6. Recognition of the seriousness of the situation

Comp Exam (4 decks)

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