Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: agoraphobia
*People who don’t leave their homes due to fear to leave an environment in which they consider to be safe.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: health anxiety
*Fear or preoccupation with the belief that one has or is in danger of developing a serious illness.
*Aka illness anxiety disorder
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: OCD
*Recurrent unwanted and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges while compulsions are behaviours that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: major depressive
*Major Depressive - suicidal behaviours
*Characterised by physcial symptoms and negative thought ; changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating and irritability.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: bipolar
*Mania - distinct period of high energy and increase activity
*Depression - opposite of mania
*Bipolar II - Hypomania (less intense experience of mania)
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: schizophrenia spectrum
*Severe and persistent symptoms that impair ability to maintain contact with reality, think and communicate effectively.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: PTSD
*Individual experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
*Caused by exposure to trauma and stress.
*Adjustment disorder
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: anorexia
*are about body weight, size and shape
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: bulimia
*are about body weight, size and shape
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: binge-eating
*are about body weight, size and shape
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: factitious
*Munchausen Syndrome
*No medical explanation and intense focus on symptoms of physical illness or pain.
*A person knowingly and deliberately causes themselves or another person to be physically ill or injured.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: elimination
*Elimination of piss and shit in places other than the toilet.
*Diagnosed in children that are potty trained.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: encopresis
*Encopresis - chronic constipation and fear of pain associated with defecation.
*Lack of bladder of bowel control when person should be developmentally capable of control.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: sleep-wake disorders
*Insomnia - people don’t get enough sleep.
*Parasomnia - people get too much sleep.
Signs - impairment, fatigue, lack of cognitive focus and mood decline.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: sexual dysfunctions
*Arousal
*Orgasm
*Pain
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: gender dysphoria
*Distress, discomfort or anxiety about one’s gender
*Wish to be another gender or transition genders
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: conduct
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: autism spectrum
*Neurodevelopmental disorder.
*Varying levels of impairments to social, emotional and behavioural processes and communication.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: substance-related disorders
*Addiction - repeated and compulsive engagement in activities that bring immediate pleasure despite long-term negative outcomes
*Are substance related or behavioural (e.g. alcohol, drugs and gambling)
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: Alzheimer’s disease
*AD - Genetic mutation in brain cells
*Affects how brain processes information
*Disorder is acquired
*Attributable to brain injury, disease or substance/medication use.
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: personality (A,B,C)
*A - odd and eccentric behaviours
*B - dramatic, emotional and erratic behaviours
*C - anxious and fearful behaviours
Describe the mental illness/disorders and main signs: borderline personality
*Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotion. Moods change quickly and engages in impulsive behaviours to calm themselves down.
*Antisocial personality disorder
*Narcissistic personality disorder
Describe the criteria of psychological disorders (4 Ds)
*Deviance - behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are not in line with normal/usually accepted behaviours
*Distress - behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that are upsetting and cause pain/suffering
*Dysfunction - thoughts, and feelings are disruptive to one’s regular routine or interfere with day-today functioning.
*Danger - thoughts, and feelings may lead to harm or injury to self or others.
Define the following concepts: anxiety, hypomania, mania, comorbidity, stigma.
*Stigma (mental health) - misunderstandings of psychological disorders can perpetuate stigma.
*Mania - Behaviour increases to abnormally high levels.
*Anxiety - excessive fear and anxiety; phobias, social anxiety, agoraphobia, panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder.
*Comorbidity - More than one mental disorder exists alongside a primary diagnosis.
Name the model currently in use to understand psychological disorders and its components
Biopsychosocial Model:
*Not one single factor or event causes psychological disorder
*Biology - Physical health, genetic vulnerabilities and drug effects.
*Social - Peers, family circumstances and family relationships
*Psychological - Coping and social skills, family relationships, self-esteem and mental health.
