Psychological Disorders 1

Question 1

What is an Abnormality?

Answer 1

Abnormal varies from person to person

Question 2

The Four D’s (guidelines)

Answer 2

1. Deviance
2. Distress
3. Dysfunction
4. Danger

Question 3

What is deviance?

Answer 3

• Having thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that fall far outside the standards of what others are doing
• People with psychological disorders deivate in some way from the typical behaviour of others
• However, people who fall well under and below the standard of the group are also deviant

Question 4

What is distress?

Answer 4

• Intense feelings of anxiety, sadness, and despair may be indicative of a psychological disorder
• A person free of distress does not mean they are psychologically healthy

Question 5

What is dysfunction?

Answer 5

• Can no longer complete day to day tasks
• Are maladaptive (can’t adapt to their environment)
• However, people can voluntary dysfunction so it doesn’t mean they have a psychological disorder (protest/hunger strike)

Question 6

What is danger?

Answer 6

• Suicide, self-harm, drug addiction, violence
• To oneself or others
• However, danger doesn’t mean a psychological disorder exists (extreme sports, eating unhealthy)

Question 7

What is the DSM?

Answer 7

• Diagnostic Statistic Model
• Categorical organization (ex: short or tall), very strict guidelines
• Uses dimensional model as well (items differ from each other in a degree)
• DSM-5 relies too heavily on the categorical model
• Patients without severe symptoms might not qualify for treatment, but can still benefit from it

Question 8

Cormorbidity

Answer 8

• the coexistence of two or more disorders at the same time
• DSM-5 has high comorbidity and patients can be diagnosed with multiple disorders

Question 9

Epidemiology

Answer 9

• distribution of health related states within a population
• depends on sex and culture
• depression is 2x more likely in women

Question 10

Prognosis

Answer 10

• possible cause of an illness
• acute = short term, fast onset
• chronic = long term, slow onset
• episodic = coming and going

Question 11

What is Prevalence?

Answer 11

• number of people with a characteristic of interest / sample size

Question 12

Point Prevalence

Answer 12

• number of people who have a disorder within a specific time frame

Question 13

Annual Prevalence

Answer 13

• number of people who have had a disorder with the past year

Question 14

Lifetime Prevalence

Answer 14

• number of people who have or have had a disorder within their lifetime
• This stat is commonly cherry picked

Question 15

Symptomology

Answer 15

• collection of any behaviours throughout or feeling that may be a potential indicator of a specific psychological disorder

Question 16

Heterogeneity

Answer 16

• the possibility that two people diagnosed with the same disorder may experience different symptoms

Question 17

JOHN has…

Answer 17

Unipolar depression (Major depressive disorder)

Question 18

GAP - generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 18

• is marked by constant and severe anxiety
• symptoms: fear, tension, distress, difficulty concentrating

Question 19

Schizophrenia

Answer 19

• Positive (addition of abnormal behaviours): -
  
  • Hallucinations
  • irrational beliefs
  • Disorganzied thinking

Question 20

The 5 A’s

Answer 20

• Alogia: reduction in speech
• Anhedonia: Inability to feel pleasure
• Fat/blunt Affect: very little emotional responsiveness
• Asociality: Inability to engage in social interaction
• Avolition: Lack of motivation