Psycholinguistics Flashcards
PL production; Marshall 2013
Semantic fluency task reveals similar storage as in spoken- semantic clustering for output. Also in phonological fluency task; adding load to left hemisphere slows down production- so still localised to LH; signed faster when distracters shared HS or M parameters, not L
Grosvald 2012
ERP; distinguish linguistic vs non-linguistic information; strongest negative response for pseudo signs, positive response for gesture (Capek 2003; same in spoken language)
Guiterez 2012 (ASL)
ERP: HS and L modulate brain activity/lexical access in ASL- higher N400 response
Guiterez 2012 (LSE)
sign is subjected to lexical competition as it is in spoken language – cohort effects (Marslen-wilson 1984)
Modality
visual-spatial as opposed to auditory-visual
similarities between sign and spoken
sublinguistic features/unites (phon, morph, syntax), conventional- understood by speakers only, displacement (Hocket), productivity (hocket), duality of patterning (hocket),
: left lateralised,
: acquisition
phonology
sub-lexical, contrasting patterns meaningless units of sound/language: location, movement, handshape, orientation, and non-manual features (eg lip pattern and multichannel signs)
able to create minimal pairs by changing one feature as in spoken
Lexicon- iconicity
SL is more iconic, but in different ways- spoken has onomatooieas and word-inital ocnsonant clusters and sound -symbolism (eg japanese); these are more lexical level in sign as visual
- post hoc etymology (asian and english boy/girl)
- potentially because it is a new language
morphology
sign allows; affixation, compounding, assimilation, coarticulation, plural marking, verb agreement, inflections (aspect marking- temporal structure)
BUT have also more complex, multimorphemic structures; classifiers and verb movement
space
Emorey 99: space is vital
Plain: body- anchored
Agreeing (Transfer)
spatial/topographic (semantically related to movement and location)
classifiers
classify size, shape, location, meaning (big fish)
syntax
universal, specific rules, sometimes dependent on space, exploitation of non-modal features– grammar by expression.
interesting points:
no writing system, young language, sometimes without official language status, sign and gesture are distinct
temporal recognition
Emmorey and Corina 99: parsed quicker (35% of word; 85%)
Emmorey and Corina 90: movement is most temporally influenced component- less identification in spoken lang
iconicty and processing
more iconic although this doesnt imply anything (vigliocco, perniss 10)
Thompson 2009: iconic signs are responded to faster/more salient (online tasks affect comp)
Viggliocco and vison 2005
action iconicity in sign; when two signs are very similar in meaning iconicity affects similarity judgements dependent on language (ie more for tool actions in BSL, more for body actions in English)- meta linguistic knowledge affects interpretation.
Bosworth and Emmorey 2010
Lexical decision task through semantic related prime- semantic prime unaffected by iconicity– iconicity only impacts comprehension when relevant to the task.
Thompson 2010
iconity is GENERAL: used phonological decision task- iconicity affects judgements of meaning, sign recognition and production. Affecting lexical processing.
Pyers and Emmorey 2008:
Grammatical face expression in 12 bilingual native ASL; elevated tendencies when speaking english- intrudes on spoken production
Vinson 2010
Mouth patterns- when retrieving word from english did not access meaning- independent representations of hands and mouth- bsl evokes activation of english phonology although reduced.
Spontaneous errors
refect unconscious desires/ underlying cognitive processes and units of representation (merrill 76/ garrett 1980)
- exchanges
- anticipation
- preservation
- semantic errors
Hohenbreger DgS
preservation in sign- primarily phonological errors: HS is most affected parameter much faster repair in DGS (1%) than in german (15%) - slower rate of articulation
Kilma and Bellugi 1979
corpus of ASL slips of the hands- mostly were handshape related
Tips of the tongue
these can be relived in the same way as in spoken- suggesting same lexical access routes (brown and mcneil 66/91, vigliocco 97
Thompson 2005
induced TOF: even with 3/4 parameters available– indicating ‘separable phonology’
