Psycholinguistics

Question 1

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Answer 1

Qualitative research examines characteristics, patterns, sequences using non-numeric data. Quantitative research involves quantifying observations and analyzing numerical data.

Question 2

What are some key characteristics of a good research question?

Answer 2

A good research question should be clear, feasible, focused, and operationalizable within the given timeframe and resources.

Question 3

Differentiate between generalizability and individual patterns in research.

Answer 3

Generalizability refers to applying findings to a larger population, while individual patterns focus on a single case.

Question 4

Explain within-participant and between-participant designs.

Answer 4

Within-participant compares conditions within the same group. Between-participant compares different groups.

Question 5

What are the two main perspectives in studying bilingualism?

Answer 5

As an individual possession (cognitive effects) and as a social practice (language use).

Question 6

Why is interdisciplinary collaboration important in bilingualism research?

Answer 6

It allows combining methods from linguistics, psychology, education, etc. to provide a comprehensive understanding.

Question 7

What are the key components of quantitative research?

Answer 7

Variables, values, hypotheses, and significance testing to evaluate patterns and relationships.

Question 8

List the three types of quantitative studies based on objectives

Answer 8

Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory.

Question 9

What are the fundamental issues in quantitative research?

Answer 9

Representativeness, validity, reliability, and generalizability.

Question 10

How do mixed methods combine quantitative and qualitative approaches?

Answer 10

Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding.

Question 11

Differentiate between hypotheses and predictions.

Answer 11

Hypotheses state the expected relationship between variables, while predictions indicate the anticipated outcome if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 12

Explain lexical links and conceptual links in language processing.

Answer 12

Lexical links connect words in different languages, while conceptual links connect concepts to language representations.

Question 13

What is eye-tracking used for in psycholinguistic research?

Answer 13

Eye-tracking measures eye movements and fixations during reading or scene viewing, providing insights into attention and processing.

Question 14

How do event-related potentials (ERPs) contribute to understanding language processing?

Answer 14

ERPs record brain activity time-locked to linguistic stimuli, reflecting cognitive processes.

Question 15

What aspects should be considered in the design of psycholinguistic experiments?

Answer 15

Ethics, study design, participant characteristics, tasks, and experimental items.

Question 16

Define independent and dependent variables.

Answer 16

Independent variables are manipulated by the researcher, while dependent variables are measured to assess the effect.

Question 17

What are confounding variables?

Answer 17

Confounding variables are not controlled and may influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Question 18

Distinguish between categorical and continuous variables.

Answer 18

Categorical variables are divided into distinct groups, while continuous variables can take any value within a range.

Question 19

How do between-participant and within-participant designs differ?

Answer 19

Between-participant exposes different groups to different conditions. Within-participant exposes the same group to all conditions.

Question 20

What is internal validity and external validity?

Answer 20

Internal validity refers to attributing effects to the independent variable. External validity concerns generalizability.

Question 21

What is meant by reliability in research?

Answer 21

Reliability refers to the consistency and replicability of measurements.

Question 22

Differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics.

Answer 22

Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics draw conclusions about populations from sample data.

Question 23

What steps are involved in data cleaning and screening?

Answer 23

Data cleaning and screening involve handling errors, missing values, and outliers before analysis.

Question 24

Why is it important to check assumptions of statistical tests?

Answer 24

Assumptions like normality and homogeneity of variance should be checked before conducting inferential analyses.

Question 25

What visual representations can aid in understanding quantitative data?

Answer 25

Frequency distributions, histograms, and other visualizations can help understand quantitative data.