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Psychodynmaic And Humanistic Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the deterministic and pessimistic views associated with psychodynamic therapies?

A

They arise from unconscious unresolved conflicts from childhood.

This perspective emphasizes that unresolved issues can dictate behavior and mental health.

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2
Q

What are the three aspects of personality according to Freud’s psychoanalysis?

A
  • ID
  • Ego
  • Superego
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3
Q

What is the ID and what principles does it operate on?

A

Present at birth; operates on the pleasure principle seeking immediate gratification.

It uses unconscious and irrational means.

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4
Q

At what age does the Ego develop, and what principle does it operate on?

A

The Ego develops at 18 months of age; it operates according to the reality principle.

The Ego seeks to partially gratify the ID’s instincts in realistic and rational ways.

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5
Q

What is the Superego and when does it develop?

A

The Superego is the aspect of personality that internalizes societal values and standards; it develops last.

It acts as a conscience and attempts to block the ID’s instincts.

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6
Q

What are defense mechanisms in psychodynamic therapy?

A

They distort reality and operate on an unconscious level; they can be adaptive but may prevent conflict resolution.

Common defense mechanisms include repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, and sublimation.

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7
Q

What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?

A

It is the basis of other defense mechanisms, keeping unacceptable thoughts and urges out of awareness.

Repression is considered a primary defense mechanism.

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8
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9
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10
Q

What is denial in psychological terms?

A

Immature defense mechanism, refusing to acknowledge distressing aspects of reality.

Methods of denial include ignoring, distorting, or rejecting reality.

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11
Q

What is projection in psychology?

A

Attributing unacceptable impulses to another person.

This defense mechanism involves denying one’s own undesirable traits by ascribing them to others.

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12
Q

Define sublimation in a psychological context.

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially desirable endeavors.

Often viewed as a more constructive defense mechanism.

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13
Q

What is the goal of making the unconscious conscious?

A

To strengthen the ego so behavior is based more on reality and less on instinctual drives.

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14
Q

List the four steps in the rational technique of analysis.

A
  • Confrontation
  • Clarification
  • Interpretation
  • Catharsis
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15
Q

What does confrontation involve in the therapeutic process?

A

Recognizing behaviors they have been unaware of and their possible causes.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of clarification in therapy?

A

Brings the cause of behaviors into sharper focus by separating important details from extraneous material.

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17
Q

What does interpretation link in the context of therapy?

A

Links conscious behaviors to unconscious processes.

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18
Q

What is catharsis in therapy?

A

Experience of repressed emotions and insight into the connection between unconscious material and current behavior.

It often involves a gradual process where the client accepts and integrates new insights into their life.

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19
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20
Q

What are the two driving forces behind behavior according to Jung’s Analytical Psychology?

A

Positive and negative forces

Jung proposed that both positive and negative motivations influence behavior.

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21
Q

How does personality develop according to Jung?

A

Personality continues to develop throughout the lifespan

Jung emphasized ongoing personality development rather than a fixed state.

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22
Q

What two aspects affect behavior in Jung’s theory?

A

Past and future

Jung believed that both past experiences and future aspirations shape behavior.

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23
Q

What are the two types of unconscious identified by Jung?

A

Personal unconscious and collective unconscious

The personal unconscious contains forgotten or repressed memories, while the collective unconscious holds shared memories across generations.

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24
Q

What does the personal unconscious consist of?

A

Forgotten or repressed memories

This aspect of the unconscious is unique to the individual.

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25
What is the collective unconscious?
Memories shared by all people passed down through generations ## Footnote Jung posited that this aspect of the unconscious contains universal memories.
26
What are archetypes according to Jung?
Universal thoughts or images that predispose people to act similarly ## Footnote Archetypes include concepts like persona, shadow, hero, anima, and animus.
27
List some archetypes identified by Jung.
* Persona * Shadow * Hero * Anima * Animus ## Footnote These archetypes influence behavior and perceptions in various situations.
28
What is the process of individuation in Jung's theory?
Bringing unconscious material into consciousness ## Footnote This process helps individuals achieve a harmonious self.
29
What does Jung mean by 'in-dividual'?
A separate, indivisible unity or whole ## Footnote This concept reflects the integration of various aspects of the self.
30
What techniques are used in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
* Dream interpretation * Analysis of transference ## Footnote These techniques help uncover elements of the personal and collective unconscious.
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What types of therapies are sometimes categorized jointly?
Humanistic and existential therapies ## Footnote These therapies share a focus on the individual's subjective experience.
33
What do humanistic and existential therapies prioritize?
Client's subjective experience over defective reality ## Footnote This approach reflects a rejection of the medical model and clinical labels.
34
What is emphasized in humanistic therapy?
Personal growth and responsibility ## Footnote It helps clients confront anxieties related to their existential condition.
35
What is a key aspect of existential therapy?
Authentic engagement with one's world ## Footnote It focuses on the individual's awareness of their existential condition.
36
Who developed Person-centered Therapy?
Carl Rogers ## Footnote This therapy is also known as Client-centered Therapy.
37
What innate drive do all people have according to Person-centered Therapy?
Drive toward self-actualization ## Footnote This drive motivates individuals to achieve their full potential.
38
What can thwart self-actualization?
Incongruence between self-concept and experience ## Footnote This often occurs due to conditions of worth imposed by others.
39
Fill in the blank: Conditions of worth are when parents provide _______ only when their child behaves a certain way.
love and acceptance ## Footnote This can negatively impact a child's self-actualization.
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41
What is the consequence of people reacting defensively to incongruence?
Psychological maladjustment ## Footnote This occurs when individuals distort or deny their feelings to cope.
42
What does it mean to become a 'fully functioning person' according to Carl Rogers?
Not defensive, open to new experiences, engaged in self-actualization ## Footnote Self-actualization involves realizing one's potential and seeking personal growth.
43
What are the three core conditions in facilitative techniques?
* Empathy * Unconditional positive regard * Congruence ## Footnote These conditions help establish a therapeutic relationship.
44
Define empathy in the context of therapeutic practice.
Understanding the client's perspective and communicating that understanding to the client ## Footnote Empathy fosters trust and connection in therapy.
45
What is unconditional positive regard?
Valuing and accepting the client as a person ## Footnote It promotes a nonjudgmental environment where clients feel safe.
46
What does congruence involve?
Being genuine, authentic, and honest ## Footnote Congruence is essential for effective therapeutic relationships.
47
What is the basis of Gestalt Therapy?
Assumption that homeostasis is maintained unless disrupted by unfulfilled physical and psychological needs ## Footnote Gestalt Therapy emphasizes awareness and the present moment.
48
What is neurosis according to the text?
Persistent disturbance in the boundary between person and environment that interferes with the ability to fulfill needs ## Footnote Neurosis can hinder emotional and psychological well-being.
49
List the types of boundary disturbances.
* Introjection * Projection * Retroflection * Deflection ## Footnote These disturbances affect how individuals interact with themselves and their environment.
50
What does introjection refer to?
Adopting beliefs, standards, and values of others without evaluation or awareness ## Footnote This can lead to a loss of personal identity.
51
Define projection in psychological terms.
Attributing undesirable aspects of oneself to others ## Footnote Projection can distort interpersonal relationships.
52
What is retroflection?
Doing to oneself what one would like to do to others ## Footnote It often manifests as self-directed anger or frustration.
53
What is deflection?
Avoiding contact with the environment ## Footnote Deflection can prevent meaningful interactions and self-awareness.
54
What is the consequence of people reacting defensively to incongruence?
Psychological maladjustment ## Footnote This occurs when individuals distort or deny their feelings to cope.
55
What does it mean to become a 'fully functioning person' according to Carl Rogers?
Not defensive, open to new experiences, engaged in self-actualization ## Footnote Self-actualization involves realizing one's potential and seeking personal growth.
56
What are the three core conditions in facilitative techniques?
* Empathy * Unconditional positive regard * Congruence ## Footnote These conditions help establish a therapeutic relationship.
57
Define empathy in the context of therapeutic practice.
Understanding the client's perspective and communicating that understanding to the client ## Footnote Empathy fosters trust and connection in therapy.
58
What is unconditional positive regard?
Valuing and accepting the client as a person ## Footnote It promotes a nonjudgmental environment where clients feel safe.
59
What does congruence involve?
Being genuine, authentic, and honest ## Footnote Congruence is essential for effective therapeutic relationships.
60
What is the basis of Gestalt Therapy?
Assumption that homeostasis is maintained unless disrupted by unfulfilled physical and psychological needs ## Footnote Gestalt Therapy emphasizes awareness and the present moment.
61
What is neurosis according to the text?
Persistent disturbance in the boundary between person and environment that interferes with the ability to fulfill needs ## Footnote Neurosis can hinder emotional and psychological well-being.
62
List the types of boundary disturbances.
* Introjection * Projection * Retroflection * Deflection ## Footnote These disturbances affect how individuals interact with themselves and their environment.
63
What does introjection refer to?
Adopting beliefs, standards, and values of others without evaluation or awareness ## Footnote This can lead to a loss of personal identity.
64
Define projection in psychological terms.
Attributing undesirable aspects of oneself to others ## Footnote Projection can distort interpersonal relationships.
65
What is retroflection?
Doing to oneself what one would like to do to others ## Footnote It often manifests as self-directed anger or frustration.
66
What is deflection?
Avoiding contact with the environment ## Footnote Deflection can prevent meaningful interactions and self-awareness.
67
68
What does confluence blur?
The distinction between self and others
69
What is the goal of gaining awareness in therapy?
To become aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and actions
70
What is a technique used in Gestalt therapy?
Dream work
71
What does empty chair technique involve?
Interacting with opposing aspects of personality or resolving unfinished business with a significant person
72
How do Gestalt therapists differ from psychodynamic therapists regarding transference?
Gestalt therapists do not foster or interpret transference
73
What is the focus of existential therapy?
Personal responsibility and choice
74
Who are notable figures associated with existential therapy?
* Irvin D. Yalom * Rollo May * Viktor Frankl
75
What must a person ultimately do according to existential therapy?
Define their personal existence
76
What causes psychological disturbance in existential therapy?
Inability to resolve conflicts arising from ultimate concerns of existence
77
What are the ultimate concerns of existence in existential therapy?
* Death * Freedom * Isolation * Meaninglessness
78
What is normal (existential) anxiety?
Anxiety proportional to an objective threat that does not involve repression
79
How can normal anxiety be used constructively?
To identify and confront conditions that elicited it and motivate positive change
80
What is neurotic anxiety?
Anxiety disproportionate to the actual threat
81

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