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psychodynamic perspective Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 assumptions?

A

1- All behaviour is determined by our unconscious mind
2- Our childhood can impact our behaviour as adults
3- Individuals have very little free will to make choices in life

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2
Q

Who is the ‘founder’ of this perspective?

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

What is Freud’s theory?

A

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

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4
Q

What is Freud’s theory based on?

A
  • levels to consciousness (iceberg theory)
  • the tripartite personality
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5
Q

How many levels to consciousness does Freud suggest there are?

A

3

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6
Q

What are the levels of consciousness?

A
  • conscious
  • pre-conscious
  • unconscious
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7
Q

What are the key elements to the conscious mind?

A
  • current state of awareness
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8
Q

What are the key elements to the pre-conscious mind?

A
  • things not currently aware of however can be recalled / come to consciousness
  • Freudian slips
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9
Q

What are the key elements to the unconscious mind?

A
  • things outside of our awareness
  • repressed trauma
  • defence mechanism
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10
Q

What is the tripartite personality?

A

Freud suggesting that the human psyche has three parts

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11
Q

What are the parts to the tripartite system?

A

1- ID
2- Ego
3- Superego

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12
Q

What are the key elements of the ID?

A
  • 1st to develop
  • “I want” mindset
  • in the unconscious mind
  • instincts
  • pleasure principle
  • instant gratification
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13
Q

What are the key elements of the Ego?

A
  • 2nd to develop
  • “I Will” mindset
  • decision maker
  • reality principle
  • keeps balance between ID & superego
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14
Q

What are the key elements of the superego?

A
  • last to develop
  • “I Should” mindset
  • morals
  • parents would approve
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15
Q

What is Freud’s theory of development?

A

The Stages of Psychosexual Development

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16
Q

How many stages of development does Freud say that there are?

A

5

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17
Q

What are the stages based on?

A

libido (sex drive) - changes with the stages

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18
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

1- Oral (0-1)
2- Anal (1-3)
3- Phallic (3-6)
4- Latency (7-13)
5- Genital (Puberty - Death)

19
Q

What are the key elements to the Oral Stage?

A
  • ages 0-1
  • fixation on the mouth
  • breast / bottle feeding
  • traumas in this stage lead to fixations such as: smoking, chewing gum, addictive personality
20
Q

What are the key elements of the Anal Stage?

A
  • ages 1-3
  • fixation on the anus
  • potty training
  • traumas in this stage lead to fixations such as: anal retentive (scared of authority) or anal repulsive (no respect for authority)
21
Q

What are the key elements to the Phallic Stage?

A
  • ages 3-6
  • fixation on the phallus
  • Oedipus / Electra Complex
  • traumas lead to fixations such as: mother fixation (OC), aggression, inferiority complex (EC)
22
Q

What are the key elements of the Latency Stage?

A
  • ages 7-13
  • little-to-no sexual motivation (libido is supressed)
  • superego strengthens
  • social life develops
  • no real conflict
23
Q

What are the key elements to the Genital Stage?

A
  • from puberty to death
  • fixation on the genitals
  • sexual attraction
  • Ego develops
  • having a weak ego = suppression of sexual thoughts
24
Q

What is a way to remember the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

Old Aged Pensions Love Gardening

25
Q

What occurs when one of the stages of development are not passed through successfully?

A

fixations in adulthood

26
Q

What are the two types of complex?

A

Oedipus and Electra

27
Q

What stage of development do these complexes appear in?

A

Phallic (3-6) - stage 3

28
Q

How does the Oedipus and Electra Complex differ?

A

Oedipus = boys
Electra = girls

29
Q

How many steps are there for the complex?

A

4

30
Q

What are the steps to the Oedipus Complex?

A

1- unconscious sexual desire for mother
2- jealous of father, however is scared of him which leads to castration anxiety
3- internalise with father
4- substitutes mother with other women

31
Q

What are the stages to the Electra Complex?

A

1- blames mother and is jealous of father for having a penis
2- penis envy
3- internalises with mother
4- substitutes desire for a penis with desire for a baby

32
Q

What is the core study link to this perespective?

A
  • individual differences
  • Freud
  • Little Hans (1909)
  • Little Hans is in the phallic stage
33
Q

What are the evaluation points for this persepective?

A

Strengths:
- useful
- case study (Freud)
- unscientific
Weaknesses:
- unreliable
- unscientific

34
Q

How can this perspective be considered useful?

A
  • practical applications
  • access to unconscious mind
  • highlights how people develop mental disorders e.g., phobias (LH)
35
Q

How can this study be considered unreliable?

A
  • subjective readings of behaviour in childhood
  • unrepresentative of everyone with the same phobia therefore ungeneralisable
36
Q

Why is a case study a strength of this perspective?

A

Freud’s core study link:
- lots of qualitative data about LH = reasoning for behaviour

37
Q

How is this perspective being unscientific both a strength and a weakness?

A

Cannot be proven OR disproven
- no scientific measurement

38
Q

What are the practical applications?

A
  • CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
  • dream analysis
  • understanding unconscious thoughts
  • psychotherapy
  • behaviourist treatments
39
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

talking therapy - finding causes for behaviour

40
Q

What is CBT?

A

cognition behind behaviour such as phobias reworking phobias into positive behaviours

41
Q

What are 2 examples of behaviourist treatments?

A

1- Flooding
2- Systematic Desensitisation

42
Q

What is Flooding?

A

forced to face fears/ stimuli

43
Q

What is Systematic Desensitisation?

A

slowly introducing the stimuli

44
Q

Why can behaviourist treatments such as flooding be considered unethical?

A

lack protection from (psychological) harm - extremely distressing & there is no right to withdraw without reinforcing phobias

psychological perspectives (2 decks)

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