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psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

who developed the psychodynamic approach to psychology ?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

what does the conscious mind contain?

A

everything you are currently thinking about right now

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3
Q

what does the subconscious mind contain?

A

everything you are not currently thinking about, but can be easily accessed

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4
Q

what is the common factor between the conscious and subconscious ?

A

we can easily access both of them

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5
Q

what is the key assumption of the psychodynamic approach ?

A

most behaviour is caused by the unconscious mind

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6
Q

what does the top of the ice burg represent in Freud’s ice burg analogy

A

conscious- this holds everything we are currently thinking about

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7
Q

what does the middle of the ice burg represent in Freud’s analogy

A

subconscious-this holds everything that we are currently thinking of, but can be easily assessed.

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8
Q

what does the bottom of the iceberg represent in Freud’s analogy

A

unconscious-this holds everything we are not currently thinking of, said to influence most of our behaviour

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9
Q

in the psychodynamic approach everyone’s personality has

A

a tripartite system: Id, ego and super Ego

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10
Q

what are the parts of the tripartite personality

A

id, ego and super ego

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11
Q

the impulses caused by the Id come from our unconscious mind what does this mean?

A

this means that we don’t consciously think about them

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12
Q

what is the Id responsible for ?

A

impulses and urges for instant gratification

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13
Q

what is the first part of the tripartite personality ?

A

the Id

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14
Q

what part of the mind is our Id ?

A

entirely in our conscious mind

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15
Q

what part of the mind is our super ego in?

A

all parts of our mind: unconscious mind, conscious and sub conscious mind

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16
Q

what is the second part of personality ?

A

super ego

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17
Q

what is the super ego responsible for

A

morals and following rules

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18
Q

what does it mean if the ego is full aware of the decisions being made ?

A

this means that it is usually in the conscious mind

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19
Q

what is the ego

A

it is in the conscious mind and subconscious mind. it mediates between the id and the super ego it sometimes agrees with the id. it sometimes compromises between the id and and the super ego

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20
Q

what part of our behaviour id responsible for?

A

most of our behaviour

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21
Q

according to Freud what are the three parts of the mind

A

conscious, subconscious and the unconscious

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22
Q

where can the tripartite personalities be found in the mind?

A

The ego is mostly in the conscious mind, with a bit of the subconscious; the Id is entirely in the unconscious and the super-ego can be found in all three parts

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23
Q

what is the ego’s role?

A

the ego’s role is to mediate between the super ego and the id

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24
Q

how should the ego defend against the unconscious mind

A

through defence mechanisms

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25
Q

what is displacement?

A

is when the ego redirects the Id’s energy towards something else

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26
Q

what is repression

A

this is when the ego pushes away the impulse into the unconscious mind

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27
Q

what is denial

A

this is when the ego gives into the id, refusing to believe it has

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28
Q

what is the id responsible for

A

impulses and urges for instant gratification

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29
Q

what are the five psychosexual stages

A

1) oral
2) anal
3) phallic
4) latent
5) genital

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30
Q

according to the psychodynamic approach what is the unconscious mind affected by?

A

repressed childhood experiences

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31
Q

how did Freud model how childhood experiences affect behaviour

A

using the 5 psychosexual stages

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32
Q

what do Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages show

A

how repressed childhood experiences affect adult behaviour

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33
Q

what does oral mean

A

of the mouth

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34
Q

what is the first psycho sexual stage

A

the oral stage

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35
Q

in the oral stage what is the child focused on?

A

in the oral stage, a child’s urge for instant gratification is focused on the mouth

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36
Q

what is the second psycho sexual stage

A

the anal stage

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37
Q

when does the anal psycho sexual stage take place

A

18 months to 3 years

38
Q

in the anal stage what what is the child focused on?

A

in the anal stage, a child’s urge for instant gratification is focused on the anus

39
Q

when does the oral psycho sexual stage take place

A

from birth to 18 months

40
Q

what is anus retentive

A

this means that a child becomes nervous about learning to use the toilet, they become anally retentive

41
Q

what does anus expulsive mean

A

this when a child becomes super keen to use the toilet, they are anally expulsive

42
Q

when does the phallic psycho sexual stage take place

A

from 3 to 6 years old

43
Q

what is the third psycho sexual stage

A

the phallic stage

44
Q

what happens during the phallic stage?

A

boys are sexually attracted to their mother and focused on the penis. Girls do not trust their mother and are sexually attracted to their father. Girls get penis envy and boys get castration anxiety

45
Q

what is the Oedipus complex

A

this is where they become jealous of their father and affectionate of their mother

46
Q

according to the psycho dynamic approach, the repressed traumatic experiences in the unconscious mind will….

A

influence the child’s behaviour throughout their adult life

47
Q

what are psycho sexual fixations?

A

repressed psychological trauma affects behaviour

48
Q

what would Freud conclude if a patient was overly fussy and careful with money?

A

the patient has a fixation in the anal stage, and is anally retentive

49
Q

what would Freud conclude if a patient was overly emotional and messy?

A

he would conclude that that they had repressed trauma from their anal stage. specifically, the patient would be anally expulsive

50
Q

what complex’s do boys and girls go through at the phallic stage?

A

the phallic stage is where the id focuses on the penis where boys go through the Oedipus complex and girls go through the Electra complex

51
Q

if the Oedipus and the Electra complex are not resolved the child will develop….

A

a phallic fixation

52
Q

if a female patient was a particularly jealous person Freud would conclude that

A

she had an unresolved Electra complex

53
Q

is a patient is has habits of biting their nails and smoking what fixation are they at?

A

oral fixation

54
Q

what will an anally expulsive fixation cause

A

will cause an adult to be overly emotional

55
Q

what will cause a fixation?

A

psychological trauma during any of the first 3 psychosexual stages will lead to a fixation as a adult.

56
Q

when does the latent stage occur

A

from age 6-12

57
Q

what is the fourth psychosexual stage

A

latent stage

58
Q

what is the five psychosexual stage

A

the genital stage

59
Q

when does the genital stage occur

A

at age 12, continuing into childhood

60
Q

what does libido mean

A

desire for sex

61
Q

during the genital stage what is the id focused on?

A

the id is focused on a person’s own reproductive organs

62
Q

what are the five psychosexual stages?

A

oral , anal , phallic, latent and genital

63
Q

what is the slogan for the five psycho sexual stages

A

old age pensioners love Guinness

64
Q

what do the genital and latent stage have in common

A

they do not involve psychosexual fixations

65
Q

what are case studies

A

a detailed investigation into a patients behaviours and experiences

66
Q

why did Freud analyse patients dreams

A

he believed that dreams give us insight into the unconscious mind.

67
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A

when a boy becomes sexual attracted to his mother and jealous of his father

68
Q

describe the case study of little Hans

A

Freud saw little has as a case study that fits the model of the psychosexual stages because he was in the correct stage for his age the phallic and had an unresolved Oedipus complex.

69
Q

what did Hans have a fear of ?

A

of horses which Freud believed reflected his father.

70
Q

how did Freud collect evidence from the little Han’s case study?

A

Han’s father sent Freud notes about Han’s dreams and behaviour

71
Q

what did Freud conclude about Han’s?

A

conclude that Han’s had an Oedipus complex

72
Q

limitations of Freud’s case study of little Han’s?

A
  • is that the results may not generalise to other people
  • not based on any objective, empirical evidence
  • didn’t test cause and effect.
73
Q

what is limitation of the self report method?

A

peoples responses may not be objective

74
Q

what type of method is a case study?

A

non-experimental

75
Q

what type of method did Freud use for the case study?

A

self-report method

76
Q

why is there no fixation at the latent stage ?

A

Because the id’s impulses are not focused on a specific part of the body, Freud states that no fixations will occur during this stage.

77
Q

explain why little Han’s study is unscientific

A

The Little Hans study is unscientific, because the study could not be generalised to other people. Also, there was no testing of cause and effect, because there was no objective empirical evidence being collected, and Freud was not manipulating any independent variables with a control group.

78
Q

what are strengths of the psychodynamic approach

A
  • The first strength of the psychodynamic approach is its historical importance because Freud was the first psychologist to investigate psychological causes for psychological disorders. the concept of childhood experiences as a cause of psychological disorders is still used in psychodynamic therapy today
  • it strikes a balance between being idiographic and nomothetic. the psychodynamic approach is idiographic because it uses case studies to focus on individual experiences. and it is nomothetic as it proposes general theories about behaviour, such as tripartite structure of personality
79
Q

how did Freud explain that psychological disorders were caused?

A

psychological disorders were caused by repressed childhood traumas, locked away in the unconscious

80
Q

according to Freud, and the psychodynamic approach, what causes different disorders ?

A

different psychosexual fixations

81
Q

what did Freud believe was the cause of psychological disorders ?

A

Freud was the first psychologists to identify childhood experiences as causes of psychological disorders

82
Q

how the psychodynamic approach somewhat nomothetic?

A

the tripartite of personality is meant to apply to everyone, so the psychodynamic approach is somewhat nomothetic

83
Q

the interpretations of dreams weren’t based on ?

A

empirical evidence, because there is not way of directly observing the unconscious mind

84
Q

what is the consequence of using case studies ?

A

we can’t generalise the results

85
Q

what do case studies lack if we are unable to generalise them?

A

population validity

86
Q

limitations of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • it isn’t very scientific as it lacks population validity. the theories aren’t falsifiable and it is not based on empirical evidence.
87
Q

limitations of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • it isn’t very scientific as it lacks population validity because the research is based on case studies and we can’t generalise the results.
  • it is not based on empirical evidence this means Freud’s theories aren’t falsifiable as it is not possible to observe the unconscious mind.
  • another limitation is that it involves androcentric bias .Freud’s concept of penis envy assumes that girls always want the same things boys want. Freud’s research is based on outdated stereotypes
88
Q

what is castration anxiety?

A

when boys are nervous that their father is going to remove their penis

89
Q

what is physic determinism

A

when repressed trauma in the unconscious mind determines our behaviour

90
Q

what type of data did Freud use in his case studies

A

qualitative data

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