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Psychology C1 > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three asumptions in the psychodynamic approach?

A

-Behaviour can be explained by the tripartite model of personality
-Behaviour can be explained by the unconscious mind
-Behaviour is influenced by childhood experiances

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the tripartite model of personality + roles?

A

-ID, runs on the pleasure principle
-Superego,runs on the morality principle
-Ego-runs on the reality principle

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3
Q

What are personality traits of a dominant superego?

A

Submissive,honest and guilable

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4
Q

What are the personality traits of a dominant ID?

A

Selfish,demanding and impulsive

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the mind?

A

Conscious,subconscious and unconscious

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6
Q

What is contained in the unconscious mind?

A

Repressed thoughts and feelings such as violence

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7
Q

What are four ways of accessing the uncoscious mind?

A

Parapraxis,dream analysis,inkblot test and work association

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8
Q

According to dream analysis, what does falling suggest?

A

A feeling of losing control

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9
Q

What are defence mechanisms?

A

Unconscious stratergies created by the ego to manage the conflict between the ID and superego

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10
Q

What are three examples of defence mechanisms?

A

Repression,displacement and projection

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11
Q

What does diplacement mean?

A

Redirecting an unacceptable feeling from the original source to a more safer target

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12
Q

What are the five stages of psychosexual development?

A

Oral,Anal,Phallic,Latency and Genital

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13
Q

When do the psychosexual development stages take place?

A

-Oral=0 to 18 months
-Anal=18months to 3yrs
-Phallic=3 to 5 yrs
-Latency=5yrs to puberty
-Genital=Puberty to adolesence

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14
Q

What is meant by frustration?

A

When the stage hasn’t been resolved because the needs are not met, the child is under satisfied

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15
Q

What is meant be overindulgence?

A

The needs of the child have been more than satisfied, and the result is the child feels too comfortable or reluctant to move onto the next stage

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16
Q

Who does the oedipus complex happen to and what does it lead to?

A

Boys and it results in the development of the superego

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17
Q

Who does the electra complex happen to and what does it lead to?

A

Girls and it results in the development of the superego

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18
Q

What is the therapy of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Dream analysis

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19
Q

What are the components of dream analysis therapy?

A

Dreams as wish fufillment, symbolic nature, dreamwork and role of the therapist

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20
Q

What are the aims of dream analysis?

A

-Reveal the unconscious and bring it to the conscious
-Uncover latent content by examining manifest content
-Offer insights that allow psychological issues to be resolved

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21
Q

What does dreams as wish fufillment mean?

A

Wishes are fufilled as dreams because the wishes could not be satisfied by the conscious mind

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22
Q

How do dreams protect the sleeper?

A

By allowing the expression of desired urges which have consequences in reality e.g violence

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23
Q

What is manifest content?

A

What people are able to recall from their dreams

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24
Q

What is latent content?

A

The hidden/real meaning behind the dream

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25
Q

What does the symbolic nature of dreams mean?

A

Unfulfilled dreams and urges are expressed symbolically in dreams

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26
Q

What is dreamwork?

A

The process of transforming the latent content of a dream into the mainfest content

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27
Q

What are three techniques involved in dreamwork?

A

Condensation, displacement and symbolism

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28
Q

What is meant by condensation?

A

Condensing many different ideas into one dream

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29
Q

Give an example of condensation

A

A dream about someone’s partner and mother may be represented by their faces melting together

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30
Q

What is therapist’s role in dreamwork?

A

Decode the mainfest content of a dream to uncover the latent content

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31
Q

Is the therapist responsible for the final interpretation of the dream?

A

No the therapist offers potentional explanations and the patient chooses the one that is most suitable for them

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32
Q

What are effectiveness strengths and weaknesses of dream analysis?

A

Strengths-Research support
Weaknesses-Use of case studies,methodological issues

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33
Q

What are ethical issues in dream analysis?

A

False memory syndrome, emotional harm, and therapist–client relationship

34
Q

What is research support of dream analysis?

A

Solmms used PET scans which results showed that the rational part of the brain is inactive during sleep. Whereas the centres concerened with memory and motivation are very active

35
Q

What case study did Freud use for his research?

A

Dora who had a recoccuring dream of being awoken by her father to her house burning down

36
Q

Why is the use of case studies a limitation?

A

Case studies focus on an individual or a small group meaning the results can’t been easily generalised to the target population, low population validity

37
Q

Why is research support a strength?

A

It suggests that there is some scientific basis for the theory that underpins dream analysis

38
Q

What is the classical research of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Bowlby’s 44 thieves

39
Q

Define maternal deprivation

A

When a child has formed an attachment with their primary caregiver but it is the lost due to lengthy, permanent seperation

40
Q

When is the critical period for a child to form an attachment with a primary caregiver?

A

2 1/2 years

41
Q

What did bowlby argue was the cause of delinquent behaviour?

A

Seperation from the mother

42
Q

How many participants were in Bowlby’s case study?

A

88 children aged (5-17yrs)

43
Q

Who was the experimental group of Bowlby’s research

A

-44 thieves (they had all been caught stealing)
-Aged 5 to 17 yrs
-31 boys and 13 girls

44
Q

Who was the contol group of Bowlby’s research?

A

44 children from Bowlby’s clinic who had not stolen

45
Q

What was the procedure in Bowlby’s research?

A

-Children given IQ tests and their emotional attitudes were noted (by a psychologist_
-Mothers were interviewed and asked about the children’s early psychiatric history (by a social worker)
-The psychologist and social worker reported to Bowlby
-Both mother and child were then interviewed by Bowlby

46
Q

What was the sampling method in Bowlby’s research and where was it taken from?

A

Opportunity sampling and Bowlby’s clinic

47
Q

What was the character types found from Bowlby’s research?

A

Normal, depressed, circular, hyperthermic, affectionless and schizoied

48
Q

What was the most and least popular character types in Bowlby’s research (with numbers)?

A

Affectionless~14
Normal~2

49
Q

Out of 14 affectionless character types how many experianced frequent seperations from their mother?

A

12

50
Q

Out of the 30 non-affectionless thieves how many experianced seperations from the mother?

A

3

51
Q

How many out of the affectionless character types were grade 4 thieves?

A

13

52
Q

What are four conclusions made from Bowlby’s research?

A

-Bowlby doubt a law-abiding affectionless character exists
-Affectionless thieves have distinctivally early prolonged seperation from their mother
-Children who steel are of an affectionless character, which resulted from prolonged seperation from their mother
-Bowlby argued through steeling, children hopes for emotional satisfaction to compensate from prolonged seperation

53
Q

What are methodolgical issues of Bowlby’s research?

A

No causual findings, biased data and the sample

54
Q

What are ethical issues of Bowlby’s research?

A

Lack of informed consent and no confidentiality

55
Q

What is an educational social impications of Bowlby’s research?

A

Schools/nurseries have interventions for children with poor attachment

56
Q

What is a workplace social implication of Bowlby’s research?

A

Offering maternal/paternal leave
or
Mothers may avoid returning to work after bith

57
Q

What is a health social implication of Bowlby’s resarch?

A

Hospitals ensure there is skin on skin contant
or
Visiting hours to see children in hospital

58
Q

What is the debate for the psychodynamic approach?

A

The mother as the primary caregiver (PCG)

59
Q

What are the themes for mother as PCG?

A

Feeding, influence on future relationships and stay at home vs day care

60
Q

What is the example for mother as PCG for feeding?

A

NHS states that infants should be breastfeed for first six months of life to promote the health of the infant

61
Q

Whata is an implication of mother as PCG for feeding?

A

Mothers who do not or cannot breastfeed may feel inadequate as mothers

62
Q

What is an example against mother as PCG for feedinng?

A

Harlow’s study with a baby monkey,wire monkey and cloth monkey(which fed the moneky) showed that providing food is not as vital as providing comfort

63
Q

What is Bowlby’s monotropic theory?

A

It suggests that the attachment between a mother and the child is the most vital

64
Q

What is the exanple for mother as PCG for influence on future relationships?

A

Bowlby’s 44 thieves which showed that 13/14 affectionless children experianced maternal deprevation

65
Q

Why was the example for mother as PCG for influence on future relationships critisced?

A

Bowlby conducted the interviews himself and diagnosed the children. This may mean the results could biased

66
Q

What is an ethical implication for mother as PCG for influence on future relationships?

A

Mothers may become reluctant to return to work after birth to prevent affecting their child’s future relationships=this will support stereotypes

67
Q

What is the example against mother as PCG for influence on future relationships?

A

Zimmermen assessed the attachment type between a mother and their child as a baby and as an adolesent. His study found that there is very little relationship between infant attachment and the attachment as adolescents

68
Q

What does zimmermen’s study contradict?

A

Bowlby’s internal working model(IWM)

69
Q

What is Bowlby’s internal working model mean(IWM)?

A

It suggest that the relationship between us and our parents creates a template for future relationships that we will have

70
Q

What is a social implication for against mother as PCG for influence on future relationships?

A

This may cause mothers to lose interest in forming an attachment with their children

71
Q

What does an average day care class cost in some areas?

A

£4 to £12

72
Q

What is a social impliaction for mother as PCG for day care vs stay at home?

A

High prices of day care classes may cause parents to be forced to stay home with their children which has an affect on the economy

73
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach deterministic or free will, and why?

A

Deterministic
tripartite model of personality

74
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach reductionist or holist, and why?

A

Reductionist
Freud explained behaviour in terms of how we progress through childhood

75
Q

What are applications of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Dream analysis

76
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach idiographic or nomothetic?

A

Both

77
Q

Why is the psychodynamic approach both idiographic and nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic~ developed the psychosexual staged and tripartite personality + applied to everyone
Idiographic~ Emphasis on subjective and unique experiances of an individual

78
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach nature or nurture?

A

Both

79
Q

Why is the psychodynamic approach interactionist?

A

Nature~Freud belived the ID is present at birth and it is the biological aspect of our personality
Nurtue~Personality and behaviour is influenced by childhood experiances

80
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach scientific or unscientific, and why?

A

Unscientific~Uses subjective viewpoints

Psychology C1 (5 decks)

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