Psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

Roles of unconscious

Answer 1

• vast parts of mind that are inaccessible to conscious awareness
• iceberg used by Freud
• consciousness being small part of structure (top) and unconscious large proportion of human mind (beneath)
• traumatic events or memories from child hood, repressed into unconscious mind and kept there
• never truly forgotten

Question 2

Structure of personality

Answer 2

ID-part of personality present at birth
EGO-ego is not present at birth and arises in response to control by others
Superego- sense of right and wrong, icharacterised by inner voice, around 5 years old

Question 3

Respression

Answer 3

When traumatic or distressing memory Is forced out of conscious awareness and into consciouse mind

Question 4

Denial

Answer 4

Denial involves a refusal to accept the
truth or reality of a situation, acting as
though nothing distressing has
happened.

Question 5

Displacement

Answer 5

Displacement is when the feelings
towards a target individual cannot be
expressed directly and are therefore
transferred onto someone/something
else.

Question 6

Phychosexual stages

Answer 6

7 stages

Child has Desiree for bodily pleasure denied and redirected by its parents

Question 7

Oral

Answer 7

O-2 months
Mouth

The infant experiences pleasure
through their mouth,
particularly sucking and biting.

Oral fixation: here a person
might engage in behaviours like
smoking, nail-biting, etc.

Question 8

Anal

Answer 8

2-3
Anus

The child becomes aware of the
reality principle imposed by the
parents and must undergo
potty training in order to
control their bowel movements.
It is during this stage the Ego
develops.

Anal fixation can manifest in
two ways. 1) Anal retentive:
here a person might become an
obsessive perfectionist; 2) Anal
explusive: here a person might
be messy and thoughtless.

Question 9

Phallic

Answer 9

3-6
Genitals

The major feature of this stage
is the Oedipus complex in which
infant boys must overcome

A phallic fixation or phallic
personal might manifest in

Question 10

Latent

Answer 10

6-puberty
Hidden

The sexual energy which has
6-
puberty
Hidden
driven the previous stages now
becomes latent, so the
individual can focus on the
world around them and form
friendships.

Question 11

Genital

Answer 11

Puberty +
Forming heterosexual relationships

The final stage culminates with
the psychosexual energy taking
residence in the genitals, to be
directed towards the formation
of adult relationships.