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Psychology: 2.1 Approaches > psychodynamic AO1 > Flashcards

psychodynamic AO1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what represents the tip of the iceberg

A

the conscious mind, what we are aware of at any one time

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1
Q

what analogy does freud use to describe the human mind

A

an iceberg

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2
Q

which part of the mind is just slightly under the water of the iceberg

A

pre conscious mind

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3
Q

what is the pre conscious mind

A

thoughts that may become conscious at some point through dreams and freudian slips of the tongue

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4
Q

what represents the bottom section of the iceberg (the largest section)

A

unconscious mind

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5
Q

what is the roles of the unconscious mind

A

it is the motivating and driving force behind our behaviour and personality

it contains our biological instincts and drives which control our behaviours such as survival and sexual instincts

it protects the conscious self from conflict and trauma

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6
Q

how can childhood memories become apart of the unconscious mind

A

defence mechanisms

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7
Q

what is a freudian slip

A

give us a glimpse into the unconscious mind, this is when we make mistakes in our speech that reveals our unconscious desires and thoughts

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8
Q

what memories does the unconscious mind store

A

memories that are too painful for our conscious mind to deal with

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9
Q

why is dream analysis important in the psychodynamic approach

A

gives a glimpse into the unconscious mind

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10
Q

how does the case of anna O show dream analysis and the unconscious mind

A

in her conscious state she was unaware of what we causing her feelings however through hypnosis and a dream state she could freely talk about her traumatic childhood

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11
Q

how does freud describe the personality

A

a tripartite structure

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12
Q

what are the three features of our personality

A

the ID, the ego and the superego

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13
Q

what is special about the three structures of personality

A

are at constant conflict with one another and the outcome of this interaction determines our behaviours

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14
Q

what is the id

A

pleasure principle: it is present at birth, entirely unconscious and demands instant gratification or immediate satisfaction (i want it, i want it now thinking)

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15
Q

what does the id drive you to do

A

to act upon your urges and desires without restraint to allow you to fulfil your basic drives for things like food and comfort and sex, these are referred to as your sexual instincts which is referred to as your libido

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16
Q

what is the superego

A

morality principle: mainly in the unconscious but also influences our conscious thoughts, develops around the age of 4-5 years during the phallic stage

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17
Q

what does the superego do

A

represents our morals, ideals and standards, it acts as our conscience and moral guide, so if we do not live up to the morals of the superego we feel immense guilt

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18
Q

how are the superego and the id at conflict

A

the superego attempts to suppress the unacceptable urges of the id, conflicting with the id’s demands

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19
Q

what is the ego

A

reality principle: controls the urges and desires so they are expressed in acceptable ways and develops after the id

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20
Q

what is the egos main job

A

develops the more a child interacts with the world, its main job is to reduce the conflict between the id and the superego therefore acting as a mediator

21
Q

what does a dominant id lead to

A

highly impulsive person, lacks self control and indulge in criminal behaviours

22
Q

what does a dominant superego lead to

A

person is very critical and judgemental, or highly anxious they wont meet their expected morals leading to depression

23
Q

how does personality develop

A

the psychosexual stages of development

24
Q

what do the psycosexual stages emphasise

A

the libido and sexual energy as the driving force of behaviour

25
Q

what happens at each psychosexual stage

A

there is a conflict that needs to be revolved

26
Q

what age is the oral stage

A

0-1 years

27
Q

what is the libido directed to during the oral stage

A

the mouth due to pleasure from feeding

28
Q

what conflict occurs at the oral stage

A

weaning, child must become less dependant on caregiver for food

29
Q

what fixation occurs if the conflict is not resolved in the oral stage

A

if not weaning correctly shows in adulthood though: sucking thumb, smoking, drinking and over eating to gain oral sensation

30
Q

what age is the anal stage

A

2-3 years

31
Q

where is the libido directed to during the anal stage

A

bladder and bowels due to pleasure of controlling toilet usage

32
Q

what is the conflict in the anal stage

A

toilet training, enables child to gain control and independence

33
Q

what fixation occurs if the conflict is not resolved in the anal stage

A

if parents were not encouraging during toilet training as punished for being messy, leads to anal expulsive (messy) or anal retentive (organised with messy desire)

34
Q

what age is the phallic stage

A

3-5 years

35
Q

where is the libido directed to during the phallic stage

A

genitals

36
Q

what conflict occurs at the phallic stage

A

oedipus complex in boys and electra complex in girls

37
Q

what fixation occurs if conflict is unresolved in the phallic stage

A

overly dependant on mother/ father and gender confusion

38
Q

what age is the latency stage

A

6-12 years

39
Q

where is the libido directed to during the latency stage

A

not active

40
Q

what conflict is present at the latency stage

A

defence mechanisms

41
Q

what age is the genital stage

A

12+

42
Q

where is the libido directed to during the genital stage

A

sexual desires for opposite sex

43
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A

boys view their father as a threat and rival as they desire their mother and want her affection

44
Q

what is the electra complex

A

girls view their mother as a threat and rival as they desire their father and want his affection

45
Q

what happens during the oedipus complex for boys

A

the boy desires their mother and is afraid of their father and sees him as a powerful rival leading to castration anxiety because he fears his father will castrate him physically and symbolically in terms of his roles of a man

46
Q

how do boys overcome castration anxiety

A

the boy begins to identify with his father, the stronger aggressor this identification leads to the boy adopting male characteristics and identity

47
Q

what does the electra complex describe

A

describes a girls sexual competition with her mother for sexual possession of the father

48
Q

what happens during the electra complex

A

the girl develops penis envy and blames her mother for this, the girl sees herself and her mother as powerless, the girl wants a penis to feel male power and desires her father who has male power, however this desire gets converted into a desire for a baby and so identifies with the mother to adopt a female role

49
Q

what is a defence mechanism

A

unconscious resources used by the ego to manage the conflict between the id and the superego, provide ways of coping however usually are distortions of reality and so are unhealthy

50
Q

what is repression

A

a distressing memory is forced out of the conscious mind into the unconscious

51
Q

what is an example of repression

A

a child who is abused may have no recollection of the events but has trouble forming relationships when they are older, these influence behaviours without the individual being aware of the reasons behind them

Psychology: 2.1 Approaches (2 decks)

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