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Psychology Comp 1 > Psychodynamic > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  1. The tripartite personality
  2. The unconscious mind
  3. Childhood experiences
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2
Q

Explain the assumption of the tripartite personality.

A

-Freud believes the adult personality is made up of 3 parts, the ID, Ego and Super Ego
-The ID is the part of the personality that is pleasure driven and impulsive, it is present at birth
-The Ego is the part of the personality that is rational and is reffered to as the reality principle, and develops at age of 2
-The Super Ego is the persons sense of right and wrong, and where their ideal self is formed, this develops around 4 years old
-The Id and Super ego are often in conflict, and the Ego acts as a referee and resolves the conflict, considering the consequences of a persons actions

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3
Q

Explain an example in psychology: Tripartite personality

A

-Criminal Behaviour-
.Criminals are children who did not transition from being ID dominant to Ego dominant
.This can result in impulsive behvaiour eg. Stealing
.Internalising the values of a criminal parent would result in a weak super ego- meaning they’d have low moral control

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4
Q

Explain the assumption the unconscious mind.

A

-Freud linked the human mind to an iceberg
-The conscious mind is the thoughts we are currently aware of and is logical
-The pre-conscious level is the information we are not currently thinking about but we can access when we want to/ need to
-The unconscious mind is the thoughts/desires we have that we can not access, and is thought to have the biggest impact on behaviour

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5
Q

Explain an example in psychology; The unconscious mind.

A

-Ego defence mechinisms-
.Conflict in the unconscious mind between the ID and Super ego can cause anxiety
.To reduce anxiety the Ego employs Ego defence mechanism
.Examples of ego defence mechanism are Reppression, denial, Displacemnt, projection

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6
Q

Explain the assumption of the influence of childhood experience.

A

-Freud believed childhood experiences shaped our adult personality, he proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of key developmental stages, called the psychosexual stages
-Each stage represents a fixation on a different part of the body
-Frustration or Overindulgence during any stage leads to a fixation in that stage

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7
Q

Explain an example in psychology; Influence of childhood experiences.

A

-Oral stage: 0-18 months, eating or suckling, frustration in this stage can lead to an aggressive and dominating personality, and overindulgence can lead to a trusting and dependant personality

-Anal stage: 18months-3years, expelling or with holding feeces, frustration in this stage can lead to neat and orderly personality and over indulgence in this stage can lead to a messy and disorganised personality

-Phallic stage: 3-6 years, the odious complex, and if this is not resolved this will lead to a reckless and self assured personality and cab lead to homosexuality

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8
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

The Oedipus complex is the attachment a child has to the parent of the opposite sex, and the child is envious of their same sex parent and see the same sex parent as a completion for their opposite sex parents attention.

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9
Q

What is the Therapy in the psychodynamic approach?

A

Dream Anyalisis

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10
Q

What the aim of dream analysis?

A

The aim of dream analysis is to reverse the process of dream work and decode what the unconscious mind is expressing in the manifest content of the dream. Dream analysis aims to make the unconscious conscious so that people can gain insight into the meaning of their dreams and be cured of their disorder

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11
Q

What are the 4 main components of dream analysis?

A

-Dreams as wish fulfilment
-The symbolic nature of dreams
-Dream work
-Role of the therapist

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12
Q

What does Dreams as wish fulfilment mean?

A

-Freud saw dreams as expressing repressed wishes and desires that would be deemed as unacceptable by the conscious mind
-The purpose of dream analysis is to decode the dream and what the ‘storyline’ of the dream is expressing

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13
Q

What does the symbolic nature of dreams mean?

A

-Dreams carry important messages to the individual and what we remember from the dream is the manifest of the dream
-The client undergoing dream analysis need the help of an analyst to interpret the manifest of the dream
-The client is encouraged to seek how dreams may relate to behvaiour, to incidents and experinaces in childhood

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14
Q

What is meant by dream work?

A

-this is the process in which the latent content (hidden desire) is transformed into the manifest content (story of the dream)
-This happens when we are dreaming, there are 4 processes involved in dream work
Displacement
Condensation
Symbolisation
Secondary Elaboration

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15
Q

What is meant by dream work?

A

-this is the process in which the latent content (hidden desire) is transformed into the manifest content (story of the dream)
-This happens when we are dreaming, there are 4 processes involved in dream work
Displacement
Condensation
Symbolisation
Secondary Elaboration

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16
Q

What is displacement?

A

The emotional significance of a dream object is separated from its real object, one person/object is changed into another

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17
Q

What is displacement?

A

The emotional significance of a dream object is separated from its real object, one person/object is changed into another

18
Q

What is condensation?

A

Dream thoughts are rich in conent and detail, but these are condensed
We combine the features of 2 or more people and objects into one

19
Q

What is symbolisation?

A

A symbol replaces an action, person or idea

20
Q

What is symbolisation?

A

A symbol replaces an action, person or idea

21
Q

What’s is secondary elaboration?

A

The unconscious mind collects all the different things/images to form a story further disguising the latent content
The dream may have been replaced with recent events in a person real life

22
Q

Is Dream Analysis effective?

A

YES
Research evidence- Solms 2000
-used PET scans to highlight the regions of the brain that were active during dreaming. The results showed that the rational part of the brain wasn’t active during the dreams, whereas the ares involved with memory and motivation were very active

23
Q

Is dream analysis effective?

A

YES
Research evidence- Hopfield 1983
-did research on neural networks (computer stimulations that aim to mimic the action of a brain.such computer simulations show that the neural networks deal with an overloaded memory by conflating or condensing memories- this supports Freud notion of condensation (unacceptable desires are shown in new forms)

24
Q

Is dream analysis effective?

A

YES
Successful Therapy
-It has helped a range of people overcome depression, anxiety and eating disorders. Mufson 1999-12 week trail adolescents with depression

25
Q

Is dream analysis effective?

A

NO
Eyesenck argues that dream analysis is no more effective than having no therapy at all

26
Q

Is dream analysis effective?

A

NO
Methodological issues
-Research is conducted in a lab, which lacks ecological validity

27
Q

Is dream analysis effective?

A

Subjective interpretation can be biased, when interpreting manifest content and analysing the latent content

28
Q

Is dream Analysis ethical?

A

Therapist-client relationship
-potential power imbalance between therapist and patient, the patient is reliant on the therapist in making progress. This can lead to an over dependence on the therapist by the patient

29
Q

Is dream analysis ethical?

A

It can cause emotions harm as they are uncovering their expressed emotions and desires which can be distressing for the patient

30
Q

Is dream analysis ethical

A

False memory syndrome

31
Q

What is the classical research?

A

Bowlby did a study on maternal deprivation

32
Q

What was Bowlbys aim?

A

To find a link between maternal deprivation and criminality

33
Q

What type of experiment was it?

A

It was a series of case study’s

34
Q

Where did the research take place?

A

In london

35
Q

Who were the participants?

A

-88 children in total (44 juvinille thieves,44 control group), who all attended a child’s guidance clinic, all emotionally disturbed
-5-17 years old
-31 Boys, 13 Girls in each group
-50% of Thieves had an average intelligence , 15% has high intelligence and 2 were just below 85 IQ level

36
Q

How were the control group matched?

A

They were matched on Sex, Age and IQ

37
Q

What was the procedure of the research?

A

-Upon on arrival at the clinic, the Pps were given an initial examination, psychologist gave each child a mental test, to assess intelligence (Binet scale was used), and the attitudes of the children were also recorded
-At the same time the mothers were interviewed by social workers
-Bowlby then interviewed the mother and child
-After a 2 hour examination, the team considered all data and other data, eg. Past school reports ect, they focused on the child’s early life experiences
-Many of the children continued to meet with Bowlby weekly over a period of 6+ month period
-Enabled the psychiatrist to diagnose children’s emotional problems

38
Q

What were bowlbys findings

A

-Bowlby found 6 personality types in the children
-14 thieves were classified as having affectionless characters, and 80% of these children had early seperations from their mothers
-30 thieves were not diagnosed at affectionless, and 5/30 had early seperations from mother
-17 of the thieves had mothers that were rigid, dominated, anxious and 5 thieves had fathers who openly expressed they hate them
-17 thieves had experienced early seperations
-Control group had experienced 2 early separations

39
Q

What were Bowlbys findings?

A

-Bowlby supported the psychodynamic view that early experiences are of vital importance in later development
-Juvinille delinquency is the consequence of many factors such as poverty, bad housing and recreational facilities
-Bowlbys study focuses on the relatioship between mothers and children, and the importance it has on emotional development
-Damage to this relationship would affect the super ego, leading to a reduced sense of right and wrong

40
Q

What is the contemporary debate?

A

The mother as the primary care-giver of an infant

41
Q

Strengths- The mother as the primary care giver

A

NHS recommend babies are breast fed for at least 6 months+, creates a strong bond between a mother and baby

42
Q

Against- Mothers as the primary care givers

A

-Fathers can satisfy the babies needs
-Feeding doesn’t equal love, This was demonstrated by Harlow and Harlow, who investigated which was more important for an infant and mother attchedent

Psychology Comp 1 (4 decks)

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