psychodynamic Flashcards
what are the 5 psychosexual stages
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
describe the psychosexual stages
oral- focus of pleasure in the mouth, mother’s breast focus of desire
anal- FOP anus, child focuses on expelling and withholding faeces
phallic- FOP genitals, experience oediplus or electra complex
latency- prev conflicts suppressed, early years forgotten
genital- sexual desired conscious with onset puberty
what is the oediplus complex
boys develop incestuous feelings towards mother and hatred towards father
develops castration anxiety, need to identify with father to resolve this
conflict between lust for mother and fear of father
what is electra complex
girls experience penis envy
resolve by repressing desire for father
mains assumptions of psychodynamic
behaviour is influenced by your unconscious
childhood experiences are important
what os the structure of personality
id, superego and ego
what is the id and when is it present from
from birth, also known as the pleasure principle
instincts and basic drives towards sex and aggression
what is the superego and when is it present from
develops after socialisation later in childhood
conscious and moral standards
what is the ego
balances the id and superego
when balance can’t be achieved it causes abnormal behaviour
what are the 3 defence mechanisms and what do they all do
repression, denial, displacement
reduce anxiety
what is repression
traumatic memories forced into unconscious which can still break through and affect behaviour
what is denial
deny an event so it cannot cause anxiety
refusal to acknowledge reality of situation
what is displacement
redirection of emotion to an easier target
unconscious process
what is fixation
unresolved conflict, when needs at a stage are not met or overly satisfied
what are strengths of the psychodynamic model
- practical application- psychoanalysis:
established pa which is still used in modern therapy. this is successful for mild neuroses but is inappropriate for serious mental disorders
2.revolutionised psychotherapy:
Freud shifted focus of treating mental illness psychologically rather than physical methods by developing pa
pas employ free association encouraging clients to verbalise emotions to reveal repressed unconscious memories. these methods influence clinical psych - Briggs found reduction in suicidal behaviour. mi may be due to unconscious conflict
limitation of psychodynamic approach
androcentric:
views on women and. female sexuality less developed than males
electra complex was developed years after oediplus, still less developed
female development seen as deviant from male norm, defined by the fact that they aren’t male- failed masculinity
they don’t identify with their mothers as strongly as boys identify with their fathers so develop weaker superegos
applied to all humans, treatment not effective for women
psychodynamic i&d
all beh. determined by unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood that we have no control over (no free will)
no such thing as an accident
not many psychs accept this view as there is no free will suggesting freud’s views were too extreme as most ppl do have a sense of control over their behaviour
briefly explain one strength and one limitation of the psychodynamic approach
strength= practical application of psychoanalysis as a treatment for mental health issues
limitation= subjective, the unconscious can only be inferred from behaviour
describe the role of defence mechanisms
reduce anxiety and help the ego manage conflict between the id and superego
role of the unconscious
protects the conscious self from conflict, defence mechanisms are used unconsciously to reduce anxiety
