Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 1

When was Sigmund Freud born?

Answer 1

May 6, 1856

Question 2

Father and main proponent of Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Sigmund Freud’s most famous work

Answer 3

Interpretation of Dreams

Question 4

Level of mental life that includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors.

Answer 4

Unconscious

Question 5

Level of mental life that contains images that are not readily available in our awareness but they can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty.

Answer 5

Preconscious

Question 6

Level of mental life that plays a relatively minor role in the theory of Freud. As he defined the term, it corresponds to its ordinary everyday meaning, and includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware of at any given moment (Schultz & Schultz, 2017 p.44).

Answer 6

Conscious

Question 7

Freud’s level of mental life that is completely unconscious and contains our basic instincts. It serves the pleasure principle and operates through the primary process.

Answer 7

Id

Question 8

principle in which the goal is immediate satisfaction/gratification of needs and immediate reduction of tension.

Answer 8

Pleasure Principle

Question 9

Freud’s level of mental life that serves the idealistic or morality principle. Its two subsystems include the conscience and the ego-ideal.

Answer 9

Superego

Question 10

Subsystem of superego which results from punishment for our improper behavior

Answer 10

Conscience

Question 11

Subsystem of superego which stems from rewards for our behaviors which are socially acceptable

Answer 11

Ego-ideal

Question 12

Freud’s level of mental life that operates through the secondary process and is governed by the reality principle.

Answer 12

Ego

Question 13

It is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the id and the superego. It grows out of the id during infancy and becomes the person’s sole source of communication with the external world.

Answer 13

Ego

Question 14

Many everyday slips of the tongue, misreading, incorrect hearing, misplacing objects and temporarily forgetting names or intentions are not chance accidents but reveal a person’s unconscious intentions.

Answer 14

Freudian slip/Slip of the tongue

Question 15

This refers to those forces that motivate people

Answer 15

Drives/Instincts

Question 16

This originate in the id but they come under the control of the ego

Answer 16

Drives/Instincts

Question 17

Characteristic of drives which refers to the amount of force drives exerts.

Answer 17

Impetus

Question 18

Characteristic of drives which refers to the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension

Answer 18

Source

Question 19

Characteristic of drives which refers to seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension

Answer 19

Aim

Question 20

Characteristic of drives which refers to the person or thing that serves as the means through which
the aim is satisfied

Answer 20

Object

Question 21

Type of drive which aims for pleasure, which can be gained through the erogenous zones especially the mouth, anus, and genitals.

Answer 21

Sex (life instinct, Eros)

Question 22

Forms which satisfy both sexual and aggressive drives.

Answer 22

Sadism and masochism

Question 23

The destructive instinct which aims to return a person to an inorganic state (death) so the aim of the drive is self-destruction, but it is ordinarily directed against other people.

Answer 23

Aggression (death instinct, Thanatos)

Question 24

It is a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger.

Answer 24

Anxiety

Question 25

The only Freudian mental level that can experience anxiety.

Answer 25

Ego

Question 26

Possible sources of anxiety

Answer 26

Id, superego, and outside world

Question 27

The apprehension about an unknown danger. This anxiety is the result of the ego's dependence on the id.

Answer 27

Neurotic Anxiety

Question 28

Anxiety which stems from the conflict between the ego and superego or the former's dependence on the latter.

Answer 28

Moral Anxiety

Question 29

It is closely related to fear; unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger. This anxiety is produced by the ego's relation with the real world.

Answer 29

Realistic Anxiety

Question 30

Mechanisms which operate to protect the ego against the pain of anxiety according to Freud

Answer 30

Defense Mechanisms

Question 31

Involves forcing unwanted, anxiety-loaded experiences into the unconscious. However, these memories don't just disappear; they continue to influence our behavior.

Answer 31

Repression

Question 32

It is marked by the repression of one impulse and the ostentatious expression of its exact opposite.

Answer 32

Reaction Formation

Question 33

This takes place when people redirect their unwanted urges onto other objects or people in order to disguise the original impulse.

Answer 33

Displacement

Question 34

This develops when the ego remains at the present, more comfortable psychological stage when the prospect of taking the next becomes too anxiety provoking, making psychological change difficult.

Answer 34

Fixation

Question 35

This is when people sometimes abandon coping strategies and revert to patterns of behavior used in earlier stage of development when confronted by stressful events.

Answer 35

Regression

Question 36

This involves taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people.

Answer 36

Projection

Question 37

This takes place when people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego to reduce feelings of inferiority.

Answer 37

Introjection

Question 38

This allows human to act out unacceptable impulses by converting these behaviors into a more acceptable form.

Answer 38

Sublimation

Question 39

This happens when we provide excuses or justifications to our actions to make them more acceptable.

Answer 39

Rationalization

Question 40

This works to reduce anxiety by thinking | about events in a cold, clinical way (detachment).

Answer 40

Intellectualization

Question 41

Freud's theory of personality development

Answer 41

Psychosexual Theory

Question 42

During this stage an infant’s primary motivation is to receive pleasure through the mouth. Activities involve sucking, biting, cooing and basically placing everything in the mouth region.

Answer 42

Oral Stage

Question 43

Phase where infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable objects and needs are usually satisfied with minimum frustration and anxiety

Answer 43

Oral Receptive

Question 44

Phase where infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smiling and crying.

Answer 44

Oral Sadistic

Question 45

The main conflict in the oral stage

Answer 45

Weaning or withdrawing the breast or bottle

Question 46

The first autoerotic experience in oral stage, a defense against anxiety that satisfies sexual but not nutritional needs.

Answer 46

Thumb sucking

Question 47

The main source of pleasure is from the anal. The emphasis during this stage is toilet training. Children obtain pleasure from both retention and expulsion of feces.

Answer 47

Anal Stage

Question 48

Anal triad of an anal character.

Answer 48

Orderly, stingy, and obstinate

Question 49

First stage where pleasure and conflicting feelings associated with the genitals.

Answer 49

Phallic Stage

Question 50

The male child unconsciously begins to | develop a sexual interest in his mother , sees his father as a rival and develops the desire to eliminate the father.

Answer 50

Oedipus Complex

Question 51

The female child unconsciously begins to develop a sexual interest in her father, sees her mother as a rival and develops the desire to eliminate the mother.

Answer 51

Female Oedipus Complex or Electra Complex

Question 52

The fear of losing one’s penis; the boy’s hostile fantasies and impulses about his father will create a fear of retaliation.

Answer 52

Castration Anxiety

Question 53

The girls wish that they have the anatomical part missing on them

Answer 53

Penis Envy

Question 54

Sexual impulses lie dormant during this stage

Answer 54

Latency Period

Question 55

The child channels his energies toward developing social, intellectual and moral skills instead. Peer relationships and the school are the child’s primary preoccupations.

Answer 55

Latency Period

Question 56

Begins with puberty, when adolescents experience a reawakening of the sexual aim and the beginning of the sexual period.

Answer 56

Genital Stage

Question 57

Beginning of the genital stage

Answer 57

Puberty

Question 58

Sexual gratification obtained solely through stimulation by oneself of one's own body

Answer 58

Autoerotism

Question 59

Oral character that is a result of overindulgence in infancy

Answer 59

Oral Receptive

Question 60

Oral character that is a result when the needs of the infant is severely frustrated

Answer 60

Oral Aggressive

Question 61

What is an Oral Receptive Character?

Answer 61

- The individual has become too spoiled, is excessively dependent on others for gratification - Too trusting, accepting, and guillible; admire others' strength but make little attempt to fend for themselves

Question 62

What is an Oral Aggressive Character?

Answer 62

- The person learns to exploit others and may develop sadistic attitudes. - Tends to envy others and tries to dominate them

Question 63

What is an Anal Retentive Character?

Answer 63

obsessed with organization or excessive neatness

Question 64

What is an Anal Expulsive Character?

Answer 64

reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized

Question 65

What is a Male Phallic Character?

Answer 65

- reaction to a severe castration anxiety; they behave in a reckless, resolute and self assured manner - Overvaluing of the penis is reflected in excessive vanity and exhibitionism. They have to prove that they are real men.

Question 66

What is a Female Phallic Character?

Answer 66

- Primary motive is penis envy | They are considered as "castrating women" and continuously strives for superiority over men.

Question 67

What is a Genital Character?

Answer 67

The ideal type for Freud. Such people are sexually mature and capable of sublimating their id impulses.

Question 68

What is Freud's Concept of Humanity?

Answer 68

- Determinism - Nature/Biology - Causality - Unconscious determinants - Mid between uniqueness vs. universality