PSYCHOANALYTIC ASPECT OF PERSONALITY Flashcards
________ is on unconscious and emotions as determinants of personality.
Emphasis
considered as the Father of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Where Sigmund Freud was born?
Jew. Born in Frieberg, Moravia (now Prebor, Czechoslovakia)
When Sigmund Freud was born?
May 6, 1856. (either on March 6 or May 6, 1856.)
At what age Freud’s entered medical school?
17 years old
Studied under Viennese neurologist Joseph Breuer on treating _____
hysteria
He studied treating hysteria under Viennese neurologist?
Joseph Breuer
He went to France to study under ________ who used hypnosis in treating hysteria.
Jean Charcot
In what year he established his own clinic and used hypnosis in treating hysteria?
1881
The fundamental rule of psychoanalysis.
Free association (free talk)
What Freud’s emphasized as the cause of hysteria?
Sexual conflicts
Where he got dismissed?
Vienna Medical Society
Personality three levels likened to an icebergs
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
includes all forms of awareness, memories and experiences
Conscious
past memories which are not readily available
Preconscious
no awareness level; repository of repressed and forgotten events
Unconscious
The Three Structures of Personality
ID
Ego
Super ego
Source of biological drives, unconscious, operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle (satisfy pleasure and reduce inner tension)
ID
Example of ID
Baby cries for milk, gets pleasure and gratification.
What is ID in Latin and German?
It, Das es
Operates at reality principle and that life is bounded by rules. The structure that compels the person to deal with the realities of life.
Ego
Example of Ego
Baby has to deal with reality of life (mom is tired, dirty diapers).
What is Ego in Latin and German?
I, das ich
Ethical and moral arm of personality. It develops out of the EGO, after it develops out of the ID.
Super ego
Example of Super ego
The baby satisfies the id, learns to be realistic, but is encouraged to follow moral or acceptable ways.
What is Super ego German?
Uber ich (above I)
2 components of super ego
Ego ideal
Conscience
what the person likes to be (develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do).
Ego ideal
a built-in reinforcement process that makes a person feel satisfied when doing right and guilt when doing wrong.
Conscience
a psychological error in speaking or writing that reveals about the unconscious
Freudian slip
If the ego and superego fails to perform accordingly, the id emerges to control _____
Freudian slip
motivational principle, the driving forces behind people’s actions.
Instinct/drive/impulses
As an internal stimulus, drives differ from external stimuli in that they cannot be avoided through flight.
It operates as a constant motivational force
Two major group of drives
Sex or Eros
Aggression, distraction, or Thanatos
What is eros mean?
Life
What is Thanatos mean?
Death
psychic libido of sex drive (aggressive drive remains the same)
Libido
Characteristics of libido
Impetus
Source
Libido
is the amount of force it exerts
Impetus
the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension
Source
is to seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension
Aim
the person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied
Ex. Sex, aggression
Object
all pleasurable activity is traceable to the sexual drive.
Sex
pleasure, not limited to genital satisfaction but the entire body is invested with libido.
Aim
the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person.
Sadism (aggression)
a common need, becomes a perversion when subservient to the destructive drive.
experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others. B
Masochism (aggression)
Besides the genitals, the mouth and anus are especially capable of producing sexual pleasure and are called _________.
Erogenous zones
The aim of the destructive drive, according to Freud, is to return the organism to an inorganic state. Because the ultimate inorganic condition is death, the final aim of the aggressive drive is self-destruction. As with the sexual drive, aggression is flexible.
Aggression
Forms of aggression
Teasing
Gossiping
sarcasm
humiliation
humor
the enjoyment of other people’s suffering
a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger.
The unpleasantness is often vague and hard to pinpoint, but the anxiety itself is always felt.
Anxiety
3 kinds of Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety
Realistic Anxiety
(ego’s dependence on the id), apprehension about anunknown danger
Neurotic Anxiety
(dependence on the superego), stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego, for example, would result from sexual temptations if a child believes that yielding to the temptation would be morally wrong.
Moral Anxiety
(dependence on the outer world leads to realistic anxiety), closely related to fear. It is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.
Realistic Anxiety
Functions/uses of anxieties
• ego-preserving mechanism
Ex. an anxiety dream signals our censor of an impending danger.
• Self-regulating
it signals us that some danger is at hand
Ego-preserving mechanism
it precipitates repression, which in turn reduces the pain of anxiety
Self regulating
Psychosexual stages
- Oral Stage (birth to 18 months)
- Anal Stage (18 months to 3 yrs)
- Phallic Stage (3 yrs to 6)
- Latency Stage (6 to puberty)
- Genital Stage (puberty onwards)
the child is focused on oral pleasures like sucking, biting, eating.
It is sometimes called the erogenous zone or the channel of pleasure.
Oral Stage
lasting effects when unresolved ______ which the individual is psychologically stuck at this stage.
Fixation
The child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating and retaining feces. This is a stage of toilet training.
Anal Stage
Describe the erogenous zone in Anal Stage which is the anus
Retentive
Expulsive
Excessive
Fixation in anal stage
overeating, becoming stingy, or being messy.
The pleasure zone switches to the genitals.
Phallic Stage
boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mothers known as ______.
Oedipus complex
Freud’s notion of a boy’s sexual feelings for his mother and rivalries with his father.
Oedipus complex
Freud’s notion of unconscious fear from a boy’s struggle to deal with his love for his mother while knowing that he cannot overcome his father.
Castration Anxiety
Freud’s notion of a phenomenon in which girls develop inferiority feelings and jealousy over her lack of a penis (but realizes she can be a mother to be complete)
Penis envy
during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed or become calm and children interact and play mostly with same sex peers.
Latency Stage
The final stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened.
Genetil Stage
sexuality issues
masturbation, homosexuality, childless
Happens in genital Stage
Genuine friendships, love, social attachments, and child rearing.
excessive use of defense mechanism can lead topsychological disorders.
▪ Environmental demands and inner urges result to anxiety.
▪ Intrapsychic conflicts are resolved by the ego if anxiety becomes overwhelming.
▪ Serves as the insulator of the ego to protect it from breaking.
▪ Environmental demands and inner urges result to anxiety.
▪ Intrapsychic conflicts are resolved by the ego if anxiety becomes overwhelming.
▪ Serves as the insulator of the ego to protect it from breaking.
Defense Mechanism
arguing against an anxiety provoking stimulus by stating it doesn’t exist
Denial
taking out impulses on a less threatening target
e.g. slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss.
Displacement
avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on theintellectual aspects
e.g. focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief.
Intellectualization
placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else
Projection
supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason
e.g. stating that you were fired because you did not like the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance.
Rationalization
taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety
Reaction formation
returning to a previous stage of development
Regression
acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way
e.g. watching boxing
Sublimation
pushing into the unconscious
e.g. forgetting
Suppression
What is lieben und arbeiten?
Love and work
The definition of Freud’s mental health in Lieben und Arbeiten, or love and work.
The attainment of direct sexual satisfaction and indirect sublimation of sexual instinct.
This is possible by:
- Elimination of major fixations in psychosexual development.
- Resolving fixations through psychoanalytic treatment by digging up repressed issues in the unconscious and surfacing it to the conscious to develop the ego.
Psychotherapy Techniques
- Free association/free talking
- Concepts Emerging in Free Association
- Catharsis
- Transference
- Countertransference
It requires the patient to say whatever comes to head.
Free Association/free talking
The treatment produces INSIGHT, the understanding of the true unconscious conflicts.
Concepts emerging in free association
the emergence of buried feelings (fear, grief, other forgotten memories) in the unconscious. This is the turning point or healing.
Catharsis
This happens when the repressed feelings (positive or negative) surfaced can be channeled to the therapist
i.e love for the father is transferred as love to the therapist.
Transference
The therapist’s reaction to the patient is distorted by own unresolved conflicts.
Countertransference
Evaluating Freud’s perspectives
- He was the only one who focused on the unconscious.
- Problems can be caused by reasons that are not conscious, that is the Unconscious.
- He provided basis for understanding defense mechanisms as an activity to protect the ego.
- Too much focus on sexual instincts, which is difficult to reconcile with modern perspectives
- The conscious can control the impulses brought about by unconscious
