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Psychoanalysis + attachment Flashcards

1
Q

When was psychoanalytic theory developed?

A

The psychoanalytical theory was developed in the late 1800’s.

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2
Q

Who is the primary figure associated with the development of psychoanalytic theory?

A

Freud

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3
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

The Oedipus complex is when a child favors the parent of the opposite sex and forms aggressive thoughts towards the same-sex parent.

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4
Q

What is the divided self?

A

The divided self is a sense of not knowing ourselves.

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5
Q

What does the topographical model of the psych discuss?

A

The topographical model discusses the conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious.

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6
Q

What is the unconscious?

A

The unconscious comprises thoughts we are not aware of, often due to anxieties or trauma.

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7
Q

What is the pre-conscious?

A

The pre-conscious includes thoughts that we can bring into our conscious awareness.

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8
Q

What is the conscious?

A

The conscious includes what we already think about and what we are aware of.

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9
Q

How does the topographical model explain personality?

A

The topographical model is influenced by the flow of energy and repression, affecting our behaviors and feelings.

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10
Q

What is the structural hypothesis?

A

The structural hypothesis consists of the id, superego, and ego.

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11
Q

What is the Id?

A

The id operates on the pleasure principle and is associated with sexual or aggressive impulses.

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12
Q

What is the Superego?

A

The superego is the morality principle that internalizes societal expectations.

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13
Q

What is the ego?

A

The ego mediates between the impulses of the id and the morals of the superego.

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14
Q

What are the defense mechanisms used by the ego?

A
  • Repression
  • Denial
  • Projection
  • Displacement
  • Isolation
  • Reaction formation
  • Undoing
  • Intellectualization
  • Sublimation
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15
Q

What are the main stages of development from a Freudian perspective?

A
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latent
  • Genital
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16
Q

What occurs during the oral stage of development?

A

Demands, neediness, and mistrust.

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17
Q

What is the significance of the Oedipus complex in male development?

A

Boys develop aggressive feelings towards the father and favor the mother.

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18
Q

What is Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Erikson’s theory extends personality development into adulthood and emphasizes social and cultural factors.

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19
Q

What are the main stages of development from Erikson’s perspective?

A
  • Infancy: trust vs mistrust
  • Early childhood: autonomy vs shame and doubt
  • Preschool age: initiative vs guilt
  • School age: industry vs inferiority
  • Adolescence: identity vs role confusion
  • Young adulthood: intimacy vs isolation
  • Middle age: generativity vs stagnation
  • Later life: integrity vs despair
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20
Q

What does attachment theory suggest?

A

Early relationships in childhood predict later behaviors and personality in adulthood.

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21
Q

Who studied attachment theory and when?

A

John Bowlby studied attachment theory in the 1940s, with further exploration by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s.

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22
Q

What is Bowlby’s view on the importance of attachment in early development?

A

Early attachment is crucial for determining future behaviors and relationships.

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23
Q

What are the stages of separation according to Bowlby?

A
  • Protest
  • Despair
  • Detachment
24
Q

What is the maternal deprivation hypothesis?

A

A warm relationship with mothers is necessary for psychological and emotional development.

25
What are criticisms of the maternal deprivation hypothesis?
* Reinforces gender roles * Ignores resilience of children * Focuses too much on separation rather than quality of attachment
26
What did Mary Ainsworth argue about attachment?
Attachment is universal and begins to manifest from 12-18 months.
27
What is the significance of defense mechanisms?
Defense mechanisms protect the ego from unacceptable conflicts.
28
What are the weaknesses of psychoanalysis?
* Case studies cannot be generalized * Difficult to test * Cannot be falsified * Complex and difficult to understand
29
What is the shift in contemporary psychoanalysis?
Focus has shifted from instincts to unacceptable wishes and uncomfortable memories.
30
What methods are used in psychoanalysis research?
* Case studies * Randomized control trials * Experimental studies * Neurological observations
31
What is maternal deprivation?
Reinforces gender roles and constrains the freedom of women ## Footnote Also highlights the resilience of children facing adversity.
32
What should be the focus regarding attachment in maternal deprivation?
The quality of the attachment rather than just separation or loss of the mother ## Footnote Emphasis on the 'good enough' mother.
33
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
A psychologist who conducted attachment research from the 1970s onwards.
34
What was the Strange Situation experiment?
An experiment where a mother and child are observed in a room with a stranger, focusing on the child's behavior during separations and reunions.
35
What is secure attachment?
70% of individuals have secure attachment; the child is distressed on the mother's exit but easily comforted on her return.
36
What characteristics are associated with secure attachment?
* Parents are responsive * Children explore freely * Closer social relationships * Better emotional regulation * More resilience and persistence in challenges.
37
What is avoidant insecure (dismissive) attachment?
20% of children have this attachment; they are not distressed by the mother's absence and do not seek comfort upon her return.
38
What are the implications of avoidant insecure (dismissive) attachment?
Children shut down emotional needs and become isolated from intimacy during stress.
39
What is anxious ambivalent resistant attachment?
10% of children have this attachment; they are distressed when the mother leaves and hard to comfort when she returns.
40
What are the behaviors associated with anxious ambivalent resistant attachment?
* Struggles with separation * Overemphasizes emotions for attention * Can become angry and frustrated.
41
What is disorganized attachment?
Characterized by disorganized behavior, where the caregiver is both a source of fear and comfort.
42
What are the effects of disorganized attachment?
* Emotional dysregulation * Associated with trauma and abuse * Increased rates of dissociative experiences.
43
What shifts have occurred in attachment research?
* Focus on other caregivers beyond mothers * Exploration of adult attachment * Inclusion of other relationships * Studies on continuity or change in attachment patterns.
44
How does attachment theory relate to personality?
Behaviors as a child and connections to mothers determine behaviors, thoughts, and feelings as adults.
45
What are the stages of separation?
* Protest * Despair * Detachment.
46
What is a cultural perspective on attachment theory?
Attachment theory is highly individualistic and does not generalize well to collectivist cultures.
47
What does attachment theory suggest about personality development?
Early relationships are crucial for later personality development.
48
Who is Mary Main?
A researcher who focused on attachment patterns in adulthood.
49
What is the adult attachment interview?
A method developed by Mary Main to identify overall attachment styles.
50
What are the adult attachment styles identified by Mary Main?
* Secure - autonomous * Dismissing * Anxiously pre-occupied.
51
How does adult attachment manifest in romantic relationships?
Adults with secure attachment have realistic expectations; avoidant individuals are skeptical of love; anxious individuals struggle to maintain love.
52
How does adult attachment manifest in work situations?
* Secure: confident and independent * Avoidant: hard-working but socially disengaged * Anxious: needs reassurance and fears rejection.
53
What are the strengths of attachment theory?
* Shows impact of early relationships * Supported by research and empirical evidence * Draws attention to the importance of relationships.
54
What are the weaknesses of attachment theory?
* Reinforces gender roles * Lacks cultural generalization * Overemphasis on individualism * Neglects broader social contexts like poverty.
55
What issues arise regarding continuity vs discontinuity in attachment theory?
Debate over whether attachment patterns remain stable or can change over time.
56
What is a reliance on a biological idea in attachment theory?
Focus on biological determinants in attachment behaviors.

PSYCH (3 decks)

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