Psychiatry U-World Set 1

Question 1

How should a physician handle a patient with delusions to build a stable relationship?

Answer 1

Acknowledge delusions but do not encourage them; build a strong relationship first before being blunt.

Question 2

What is the effect of decreased dopamine activity in the tuberoinfundibular pathway?

Answer 2

Decreased dopamine activity in the tuberoinfundibular pathway inhibits prolactin, leading to hyperprolactinemia.

Question 3

What happens when there is increased dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway?

Answer 3

Increased dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway can lead to chorea.

Question 4

What are the effects of decreased dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway?

Answer 4

Decreased dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway causes extrapyramidal signs similar to Parkinson’s disease.

Question 5

What is the result of increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway?

Answer 5

Increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway leads to hallucinations and delusions.

Question 6

What therapeutic effects are seen with decreased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway?

Answer 6

Decreased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway has therapeutic effects.

Question 7

What characterizes delusional disorder?

Answer 7

Delusional disorder lacks definitive proof and is characterized by persistent delusions.

Question 8

What is delirium and its characteristics?

Answer 8

Delirium is characterized by confusion, abrupt onset, and decreased level of consciousness.

Question 9

What defines brief psychotic disorder?

Answer 9

Brief psychotic disorder includes hallucinations and disorganized thoughts.

Question 10

What is the first-line treatment for disorganized schizophrenia?

Answer 10

Risperidone is the first-line treatment for disorganized schizophrenia.

Question 11

What is the second-line treatment for disorganized schizophrenia?

Answer 11

Haloperidol is the second-line treatment, first as oral then as injection.

Question 12

What is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder?

Answer 12

Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder.

Question 13

Why should lorazepam be avoided in PTSD patients?

Answer 13

Lorazepam should be avoided in PTSD patients due to the risk of addiction.

Question 14

What should be monitored in a patient on phenelzine who might have ingested aged cheese?

Answer 14

Blood pressure should be monitored to detect any hypertensive crisis caused by the interaction between phenelzine and tyramine.

Question 15

What is bupropion (Zyban) indicated for?

Answer 15

Bupropion (Zyban) is indicated for smoking cessation.

Question 16

What are the contraindications for bupropion?

Answer 16

Contraindications for bupropion include seizures, eating disorders, and use by alcohol and benzodiazepine users.

Question 17

What is benztropine used to treat?

Answer 17

Benztropine is used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms.

anticholinergics (eg benztropine 1–4 mg po daily) should be used mainly for patients who have concurrent Parkinsonism. Other agents such as amantadine 100 mg po daily, clonidine (up to 0.15 mg po daily)
https://www.racgp.org.au › may
Beyond anxiety and agitation: A clinical approach to akathisia - RACGP

Question 18

What extrapyramidal symptom can risperidone cause?

Answer 18

Risperidone can cause extrapyramidal symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease.

Question 19

What is dantrolene used to treat?

Answer 19

Dantrolene is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Question 20

Which antipsychotic causes more extrapyramidal symptoms, risperidone or haloperidol?

Answer 20

Risperidone causes more extrapyramidal symptoms than haloperidol.

Question 21

What is akathisia and how is it treated?

Answer 21

Akathisia is a condition characterized by restlessness and is treated with propranolol.

Question 22

What are the risks of lithium use during pregnancy?

Answer 22

Lithium use during pregnancy can cause Ebstein’s anomaly and floppy baby syndrome in the third trimester.

Question 23

What defects are associated with carbamazepine and sodium valproate during pregnancy?

Answer 23

Carbamazepine and sodium valproate during pregnancy can cause cranial defects, neural tube defects, and genital abnormalities.

Question 24

What is required before an employer can receive information about an employee’s health?

Answer 24

A signed legal document of consent from the patient is required before an employer can receive information about an employee’s health.

Question 25

What are the considerations for old age depression?

Answer 25

Consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for old age depression.

Question 26

What is dysthymia and its diagnostic criteria?

Answer 26

Dysthymia is a chronic form of depression lasting over two years and requires at least two depressed features for diagnosis.

Question 27

What are the common comorbidities with Tourette’s syndrome?

Answer 27

Tourette’s syndrome commonly coexists with learning disorders and ADHD.

Question 28

What are the key characteristics and diagnostic criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

Answer 28

ODD manifests with a constant extremely negative, defiant, and hostile behavior for at least six months, often appearing in the late preschool years, and includes taking revenge.

Question 29

What family therapy considerations are there for schizophrenia?

Answer 29

For schizophrenia, family therapy should aim to minimize family stresses and conflicts and encourage socialization.