Psychiatry (Medicine Flashcards
(19 cards)
Define Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty concerned with the recognition and treatment of disorders of the mind
What is Phobic disorder
• In common these are situational, predictable, with anticipatory anxiety and avoidance.
TYPES:
- Simple phobias (or specific animal phobias)
- Social phobia
- Agoraphobia
How do people with dental phobia (Odontophobia) present
- Delayed presentation
- Looking anxious
- Cancel appts. short notice/DNA
REASONA:
- Somatic reactions (injections, gagging)
- Social phobia
- Specific phobia (drills, needles, smells)
How do we manage Dental Anxiety
- Dental health education
- Calm, sympathetic approach
- Honest explanation of procedures
- Relaxed, welcoming atmosphere
- Confident and professional manner
What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Excessively concerned about a perceived defect in his/her physical features
What is Hypochondriasis
- Concerned about having a serious physical illness (cancer)
- They will place an abnormal interpretation upon a normal sensation (dry mouth)
- Often difficult to persuade
What is Somatoform pain>
• The cause is psychological rather than organic/physical
- NO organic pathology
- Evidence of psychological cause
Key Characteristics:
- Inconsistent with anatomical landmarks
- May prevent sleep but not wake up
- Repeated -ve investigations
- Analgesia ineffective
What characteristics are of someone with Depression
- Depressed mood 2 weeks or more
- Lack of energy
- Loss of enjoyment
BIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS:
- Poor appetite
- Sleep disturbance
- Loss of libido
- Psychomotor retardation
- Poor concentration
- Guilt and worthlessness
- Hopelessness/Suicidal ideation
- Delusions/Hallucinations
What is Bipolar Affective Disorder
- Elevated mood may be a normal experience
- Most experience depression
- Bipolar is a very disruptive condition
- 1% of the population
What is Mania
• Elated or irritable mood for more than 1 week - resulting in admission
- Over-activity
- Risk taking
- Distraction
- Reduced need for sleep
- Inflated self esteem
- Rapid, loud speech
- Racing thoughts
- Delusions/Hallucinations
What is Schizophrenia
Serious psychiatric condition:
- Abnormal thoughts and experiences
- Reduction in drive, social function and alteration in personality and emotion
• Age of onset usually early/mid adulthood§
What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Passivity Phenomena
- Thought disorder
What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Social withdrawing
- Emotional blunting
- Apathy: lack of drive, motivation and volition
What is Anorexia Nervosa
- Body weight < 15% expected
- BMI < 17.5
- Self induced weight loss
- Body image distortion
- Widespread endocrine disorder
- Arrest of puberty (stopped periods)
What is Bulimia Nervosa
- Pervasive preoccupation with eating
- Attempts to counteract the fattening effects of food
- Morbid dread of fatness
How do people with eating disorders present to Dentists
- Erosion of dental enamel
- Thermal hypersensitivity (cold/hot)
- Salivary gland enlargement
- Dryness of mouth and decreased salivary flow
- Redness of throat and palate
- Reddened, dry and cracked lips and fissures at angles to the lips
How do we screen for alcohol misuse (clue: acronym)
• CAGE
C - “Have you ever felt you should Cut down”
A - “Are you Annoyed if people comment on your drinking”
G - “Do you feel Guilty about the amount you drink”
E - “Have you ever drunk early in the morning as an Eye-opener
What is Dementia
• An acquired impairment of global cognitive function which is progressive & irreversible
- Alzheimer’s dementia
- Vascular dementia
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Other
What is Delirium?
• A reversible state characterised by:
- Impairment of consciousness
- Disturbed attention
- Perceptual abnormalities
- Emotional disturbances
- Disturbed sleep wake cycle
• Causes:
- Infection
- Drugs
- Systemic illness
