Psychiatry Basic Science

Question 1

what are monoamines a type of?

Answer 1

neurotransmitter

Question 2

what receptor does serotonin work on?

Answer 2

5-HT receptors

Question 3

where is 5-HT produced?

Answer 3

raphe nuclei in the brainstem enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract

Question 4

what does serotonin control?

Answer 4

mood sleep feeding sensory perception

Question 5

what neurotransmitter does the sympathetic NS use?

Answer 5

NA

Question 6

where does the sympathetic nervous system come from?

Answer 6

thoracolumbar outflow (T1-L2)

Question 7

pre and post ganglionic neurotransmitters in the sympathetic NS?

Answer 7

pre - ACh post - NA

Question 8

how does sympathetic nerve supply get to the body wall?

Answer 8

spinal nerves

Question 9

how does sympathetics get to SM/glands?

Answer 9

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 10

first part of the brain affected in alzheimers?

Answer 10

nucleus basalis of meynert

Question 11

what is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

what is the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 12

glutamate

Question 13

what neurotransmitter do benzos work on?

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

effects of benzos?

Answer 14

relax sedate decrease anxiety anticonvulsant anterograde amnesia

Question 15

what does the appetitive system of the brain do?

Answer 15

reward system

Question 16

what neurotransmitter controls the appetitive system of the brain?

Answer 16

dopamine (called mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions)

Question 17

what does the averise system of the brain do?

Answer 17

promote survival

Question 18

what neurotransmitter controls the aversive system of the brain?

Answer 18

5-HT

Question 19

what conditions result when the aversive/appetitive systems of the brain go wrong?

Answer 19

aversive - anxiety appetitive - depression

Question 20

what are the functions of dopamine?

Answer 20

hormone neurotransmitter

Question 21

where is dopamine made?

Answer 21

brain adrenal medulla

Question 22

what is dopamine made from? name of precursor?

Answer 22

phenylalanine/tyrosine L-DOPA

Question 23

what receptors does dopamine work on?

Answer 23

D1-D5 receptors

Question 24

how is control of the HPA affected in depression?

Answer 24

upregulated with down regulation of negative feedback (cortisol) excess cortisol desensitises receptors inflammation and problems with neurotransmitters

Question 25

affects of increased cortisol on the body?

Answer 25

inflammation increased BM adrenal hypertrophy

Question 26

what neurotransmitter problems occur in depression schizo ADHD?

Answer 26

depression - decreased serotonin schizo - increased dopamine ADHD - decreased dopamine

Question 27

what receptors does NA work on?

Answer 27

alpha 1, 2 and beta 1, 2, 3

Question 28

what occurs when NA binds to alpha 1 receptors?

Answer 28

increased IP3 and Ca occurs by activating phospholipase C

Question 29

what occurs when NA binds to alpha 2, Beta 1,2, 3 receptors?

Answer 29

decreased cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase

Question 30

what happens with NA binds to alpha 1 receptor?

Answer 30

SM contracts decreased appetite

Question 31

what happens with NA binds to alpha 2 receptor?

Answer 31

acts with alpha 1 and stops NA release

Question 32

what happens with NA binds to beta 1 receptor?

Answer 32

increase HR, CO, inotropic causes renin release

Question 33

what happens with NA binds to beta 2 receptor?

Answer 33

relax SM of… GI, uterus, bronchi, detrusor, seminal tract

Question 34

what happens with NA binds to beta 3 receptor?

Answer 34

release of insulin, glucose causes lipolysis and thermogenesis

Question 35

draw the HPA axis

Answer 35

Question 36

draw and label a neuron

Answer 36