Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3b > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Define nihilistic delusion

A

Delusion of almost nothingness (e.g. nothing in bank account, insides rotting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define grandiose delusion

A

Inflated self-importance (I am God)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define hypochondriacal delusion

A

Firm belief they have a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define De Clerambaults (ertomanic) delusion

A

Man of higher social standing/everyone in love with her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Orthello delusion

A

Sexual partner being unfaithful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Capgras delusion

A

Close relative has been replaced by imposter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define cotard delusion

A

Patient believes they are dead or non-existent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Folie a deux delusion

A

Shared delusion with someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Ekboms delusion

A

Delusion of infestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define loosening of association

A

Lack of logical association between thoughts giving rise to incoherent speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define circumstantiality

A

Slow, rambling, convoluted but goal direct thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define confabulation

A

Give false account to fill gap in memory (Korsakoffs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define tangeliality

A

Wandering off topics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define flight of ideas

A

Rapid skipping from one thought to distantly related idea, often tentative relation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define clang associations

A

Ideas that are linked by rhyme or similarity of words alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Munchausen’s syndrome

A

Factitious disorder, intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms of illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define malingering

A

Fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of symptoms with the intention of financial or other gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug
Absorption
Distribution
Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 1st generation/typical antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extra pyramidal side effects from 1st generation antipsychotics

A

Acute dystonic reaction (hours) - muscle spasm, acute torticolis, ocular gyrate crisis

Parkinsonism (4 weeks) - tremor, bradykinesia

Akasthesia (6-60 days) - inner restlessness, pacing + agitated

Tardive dyskinesia (months - years i.e. long term use) - grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for Acute dystonia and Parkinsonism

A

Procycladine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment for akasthesia

A

Propanolol +/- cyproheptadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment for Tardive dyskinesia

A

Tetrabenazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name atypical/new antipsychotics

A 
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Side effects of atypical/new antipsychotics

A

Weight gain
Diabetes Mellitus
Stroke

Most with olanzapine and clozapine
Lowest with aripiprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Side effects of clozapine

A 
Agranulocytosis (loss of granulocytes (baso, eoso, neutrophils)
Reduced seizure threshold
Constipation
Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmias
Severely reduced consciousness
Phaeochromocytoma
Parkinson's disease
Metabolic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A

Sertraline
Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Name Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

30
Q

Name tricyclics

A

Amytriptyline

Clomipramine

31
Q

Side effects of anti-cholinergics/muscarinics

A 
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Constipation
Urinary retention
Drowsiness
32
Q

Name tetracyclic/NaSSA (noradrenergic and specific seritonergic antidepressant)

A

Mirtazepine

33
Q

Side effect of Mirtazepine

A

Drowsiness

Weight gain

34
Q

Side effects of Lithium

A 
Fine tremor
Impaired renal function
Hypothyroidism
Cardiac - T wave flattening/inversion
Thirst, polydipsia, polyuria (nephrogenic DI)
Weight gain
Oedema
Leucocytosis
Teratogenicity
35
Q

Side effects of Lithium toxicity

A 
Course tremor
Ataxia
Muscle weakness
Seizures
Heart block
36
Q

What should you check in someone who has had a lithium overdose?

A

U&E’s and TSH

Thyro and nephrotoxic

37
Q

What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?

A

Caused by antipsychotic medication -> can be caused by withdrawal of dopaminergic drugs as well

Usually in first 10 days of treatment

38
Q

Symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

Reduced activity
‘Lead pipe’ rigidity
Stiff pharyngeal and thoracic muscles - leads to dysphagia and dyspnoea

39
Q

Investigations in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

Elevated creatine kinase
Elevated WCC
Deranged LFTs
Metabolic acidosis

40
Q

Treatment for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

Bromocriptine - to reduce dopamine blockade (dopamine agonist)
Dantrolene - to reduce muscle spasms

41
Q

What causes Serotonin Syndrome?

A

SSRI
MAOIs
Ecstasy

42
Q

Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome

A 
Increased activity
Clonus/myoclonus
Hyperreflexia
Tremor
Muscular rigidity
Dilated pupils
Autonomic dysfunction - tachycardia, unstable BP
43
Q

Investigations in Serotonin Syndrome

A

Elevated creatine kinase
Elevated WCC
Deranged LFTs
Metabolic acidosis

44
Q

Treatment for Serotonin Syndrome

A

Cyproheptadine

45
Q

Causes of delirium

A

PINCH ME
Pain
Infection - UTI, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, encephalitis
Nutrition - B12/folate deficiency
Constipation
Hypoxia
Medications - Benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, anticonvulsants
Environment
Other: Endocrine - hypo/hyperthyroid, Cushings. Vascular - stroke, HF, SAH, vasculitis, migraines. Head trauma

46
Q

Clinical features of delirium

A 
Acute/subacute presentation
Fluctuating course
Inattention
Clouding of consciousness
Disorientation in time, place and person
Anterograde amnesia
Visual hallucinations/illusions
Paranoid delusions
47
Q

Hypoactive features of delirium

A

Apathy
Withdrawal
Quiet confusion

48
Q

Hyperactive features of delirium

A

Agitation
Lack of co-operation
Delusions
Disorientation

49
Q

Differential diagnosis for delirium

A 
Dementia
Alcohol/drug withdrawal
Mania
Post-ictal
Psychosis
Anxiety
50
Q

Investigations for delirium

A 
Bloods - FBC - anaemia, WCC infection, MCV
U&E
LFT
Glucose
TFT
Blood cultures
Blood gases
ECG
CT/LP
Chest X-ray
51
Q

Management for delirium

A 
Treat precipitating cause + exacerbating factors
Environmental and supportive measures
Adequate lighting
Hearing aids
Glasses
Clocks/calendars
Side room
Sleep hygiene 
Consider haloperidol
52
Q

Define generalised anxiety disorder

A

‘Excessive worry’ and feelings of apprehension about every day events/problems, with symptoms of muscle/psychic tension
Anxiety that is ‘generalised + persistent’

53
Q

How long must symptoms last for to diagnose generalised anxiety disorder

A

At least six months history of excessive anxiety and worry

54
Q

Symptoms for generalised anxiety disorder

A 
At least three of: Restlessness
Easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance

At least four of: Palpitations, sweating, tachycardia, dry mouth
Difficulty breathing, chest pain, nausea/vomiting
Hot flushes, numbness, restlessness, lump in throat
Dizziness/faint, losing control, fear of dying
Sleep disturbance, irritability

55
Q

Risk factors for generalised anxiety disorder

A 
35-54 years old
Female
Divorced/separated
Live alone
Unemployed
56
Q

Management for generalised anxiety disorder

A 
Education
Stop smoking and alcohol
Exercise
Psychological support
CBT
SSRI's
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, diazepam)
57
Q

Define panic attack

A

Period of intense fear characterised by group of symptoms that develop rapidly, reach peak at 10 mins, and don’t last longer than 20-30 mins

58
Q

Define panic disorder

A

Recurrent panic attacks

59
Q

Symptoms of panic disorder

A 
Palpitations
Chest pain
Choking
Dyspnoea
Dry mouth
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Sweating
Feeling of impending doom
Fear of dying
Fear of losing control
Depersonalisation
60
Q

Management for panic disorder

A

SSRI’s - Sertraline
CBT
TCA - Clomipramide

61
Q

Define agoraphobia

A

Anxiety and panic symptoms associated with places or situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing -> leading to avoidance

62
Q

Management for agoraphobia

A

Behavioural - exposure techniques, relaxation training
Cognitive - teach about bodily responses associated with anxiety
SSRI’s - Citalopram, escitalopram

63
Q

Define obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Obsessions are unwanted intrusive thoughts, images or urges that repeatedly enter the persons mind
Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels drive to perform

64
Q

Examples of obsessions

A

Often unpleasant = death/sexual
Repetitive
Intrusive
Irrational

65
Q

Examples of compulsive acts

A 
Checking
Washing
Counting
Symmetry
Repeating certain words/phrases
66
Q

Treatment for OCD

A

Psychological = CBT
Exposure + response prevention (ERP)
Pharmacological = SSRI’s = Fluoxetine, sertraline
ECT

67
Q

Define post-traumatic stress disorder

A

Severe psychological disturbance following a traumatic event
Characterised by involuntary reexperiencing of elements of the event, with symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance and emotional numbing

68
Q

How long must symptoms be present for to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder

A

1 month

69
Q

How long must symptoms arise within of the traumatic event to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder

A

Arise within 6 months of traumatic event

70
Q

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

A

Re-experiencing - Flashbacks, nightmares, increased BP, sweating
Avoidance - avoiding people, situations or circumstances
Hyperarousal - sleep problems, irritability, poor concentration
Emotional numbing - lack of ability to experience feelings

71
Q

Treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder

A

CBT
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
Stress movement

Phase 3b (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions