Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3a > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What are screening tools used for alcoholism?

A

CAGE - cut down, annoyed, guilty and eye-opener

AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

SADQ - Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Briefly outline the 6 key features of dependence syndrome

A
  1. Strong desire to take the substance
  2. Difficulties controlling substance-taking behaviour (onset, termination or amount of use)
  3. Tolerance
  4. Withdrawal symptoms
  5. Neglect of other pleasures
  6. Persistence despite evidence of harmful consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main effects of opioids?

A

Euphoria and Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SE of opioids

A

Respiratory depression

Constipation

Reduced appetite

Low libido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a beneficial effect of buprenorphine?

A

Creates a ceiling effect - no additional effect above a certain drug dose (reduced overdose likelihood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychological therapies for opioid misuse

A

CBT

Motivational counselling

Support Groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can occur in withdrawal of Benzodiazepines?

A

Withdrawal symptoms including rebound symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Commonest drugs in anxiolytics and hypnotics class?

A

Benzodiazepines

barbiturates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Commonest drugs in the Stimulants class?

A

Amphetamines and cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which substances more commonly cause paranoia?

A

Stimulants and Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical effects of stimulants?

A

Sympathetic: pupils dilate, tachycardia, increased alertness, dry mucus membranes

Overactivity and Insomnia

Mood swings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What neurotransmitters are affected by cocaine?

A

Dopamine - reward pathways leading to euphoria, pleasure and emotional ‘high’

Noradrenaline - sympathetic symptoms

Serotonin - increased confidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Ecstasy/MDMA?

A

Hallucinogen with stimulant properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is negative and positive reinforcement in relation to addiction?

A

Negative - negative (withdrawal) symptoms encourages further substance use

Positive - positive and euphoric symptoms associated with the substance encourage further use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical and Physical effects of ecstasy.

A

Clinical:
Positive mood
Euphoria, sociability and intimacy
Sensations of newly discovered insights and heightened perceptions

Physical:
Sympathetic
Bruxism (gurning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of a hallucinogen and clinical effects.

A

LSD
Sympathetic followed up psychological:

Distortions and intensifications of sensory perception

Out-of-body experiences

Altered mood

17
Q

How does the dose affect symptoms of ketamine use?

A

Low - mood elevation

High - hallucinogenic similar to LSD

18
Q

What is Korsakoff’s Psychosis?

A

Amnestic-confabulation Syndrome:

Amnesia (anterograde and retrograde)
Confabulation
Lack of insight
Apathy

19
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

A

Classical triad:
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Confusion

20
Q

At what point may delirium tremens occur?

A

48-72hrs after alcohol withdrawal

21
Q

When do symptoms typically peak and subside in acute alcohol withdrawal?

A

Peak after 2/7 and subside after 4-5/7

22
Q

How does delirium tremens differ to classical withdrawal symptoms?

A

Evidence of altered mental state in DT

e.g. hallucination, delusions, confusion, agitation

23
Q

When are alcohol withdrawal seizures likely to occur?

What type of seizure?

A

24-48hrs post withdrawal

Generalised tonic-clonic

24
Q

RF to consider admission for acute alcohol withdrawal.

A
  1. Age <18 years
  2. Lives alone (no support)
  3. Previous withdrawal seizures/DT
  4. Previous failed withdrawal
  5. Complications e.g. Wernicke’s
25
Q

Benzodiazepine typically used in alcohol withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide 5-7/7

26
Q

What medication may protect against seizures and arrhythmias in delirium tremens?

A

Magnesium

27
Q

What is the threshold for offering community based alcohol withdrawal?

A

> 15 units consumed per day

> 20 on the AUDIT

28
Q

Medications that may aid alcohol abstinence

A

Acamprosate

Naltrexone

29
Q

Long term effects of heroin

A

Impaired decision making

Impaired behaviour regulation

Impaired responses to stressful situations

30
Q

Symptoms to heroin withdrawal

A 
Restlessness
Insomnia
Myalgia
D&amp;V 
Cold flushes
31
Q

Long term risks of IVDU

A

Infection (including sepsis and cellulitis)

DVT

Abscess

Phase 3a (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions