Psychiatry Flashcards by justin webber

Cluster A personality disorders (Weird)

PPD, schizoid, schizotypal

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What differentiates PPD from paranoid schizophrenia?

They do not have any fixed delusions. They are not frankly psychotic, though they may have transient psychosis under stressful situations.

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Axis I

Clinical diagnoses – mental illnesses including substance-abuse and developmental disorders.

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Axis II

Personality disorders and developmental/retardation disorders

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Axis III

Describes physical disorders or general medical conditions

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Axis IV

Describes the severity of psychosocial factors, including environmental problems.

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Axis V

The GAF or global assessment of functioning.

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GAF

Hospitalized patient

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Borderline IQ

70 to 79

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TAT

Thematic apperception test. Tested individual create stories based on pictures of people in various situations. Evaluation of motives behind behaviors.

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Rorschach test

Inkblots to identify thought disorders and defense mechanisms.

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Weschler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Adult assessment of overall intellectual functioning. Consist of verbal and visual spatial components.

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Stanford Binet test

Assesses intellectual ability of patients aged 2 to 18

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Tarasoff rule

The obligation of the doctor to notify any potential victims and proper authorities of a patient’s intent to harm.

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Patient is talking in accelerated form and is uninterruptible

Pressured speech

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Automatisms

Involuntary movements in an altered state of consciousness us. Can be either purposeful or disorganized.

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Mood versus affect

Mood is what the patient says it is. Affect is what you observe.

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Loose associations

No logical connection from one thought to another.

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Flight of ideas

Thoughts change abruptly from one idea to another usually with rapid/pressured speech.

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Neologism

Made up words

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Word salad

Incoherent collection of words

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Clang associations

Word connections that are due to phonetics rather than actual meaning. An example “my car is red. I’ve been in bed. It hurts my head.”

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Thought blocking

Abrupt cessation of communication before an idea is finished.

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Tangentiality

Never reaching the point of the conversation due to a lack of goal directed associations between ideas. Response is usually in the ballpark.

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Circumstantiality

Reach the point, but with over inclusion of trivial or irrelevant details.

Delusions

Fixed false believes that are not shared by a person's culture and cannot be changed by reason. Can be either bizarre or non-bizarre

Repetitive intrusive thoughts

Obsessions

Repetitive behaviors usually driven by obsessive thoughts

Compulsions

Delusions of reference

The belief that some event is uniquely related to the patient.

Believe that a TV show character is sending the patient messages via they're acting in dialogue.

Delusions of reference

Belief that one's thoughts can be heard or seen by others

Thought broadcasting

Somatic delusions

False beliefs concerning body image – I cannot swallow

Sensory perception in absence of an actual stimulation.

Hallucination

In accurate perception of an existing stimulus.

Illusion

Auditory hallucinations are associated with…

Schizophrenia

Visual hallucinations are associated with…

Alcoholic hallucinosis, other chemical causes.

The most important predictor of future violence.

History of violence

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI – 2)

Personality test for different pathologies and behavioral patterns.

Olfactory hallucinations are usually…

An aura associated with epilepsy

Tactile hallucinations are seen with...

Drug abuse and alcohol withdrawal.

Respond better to current antipsychotic medications.

Positive symptoms

When typical and atypical antipsychotics fail to resolve symptoms.

Clozapine (clozaril)

Three phases of schizophrenia

Prodromal, psychotic, residual

Prodromal schizophrenia may appear…

Schizotypal with social withdrawal and irritability.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia occur during this phase.

Psychotic phase

Residual phase of schizophrenia

Between psychotic phases of schizophrenia, marked by negative symptoms.

Anhedonia

Without pleasure

Alogia

Poverty of speech

Symptoms of schizophrenia

Positive, negative, and cognitive

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Impaired attention, executive function, and working memory

Subtypes of schizophrenia

Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual

Schizophrenia with only minimal evidence of positive symptoms

Residual type

Schizophrenia with motor problems. Echolalia or echopraxia

Catatonic type (Very rare). Copy speech and copy movement.

Poor functioning schizophrenia early-onset. With disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and flat or an appropriate affect.

Disorganized schizophrenia

Higher functioning schizophrenia that occurs at an older age. Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations.

Paranoid type

Psychotics symptoms for less than one month

Brief psychotic disorder

Schizophrenia from 1 to 6 months.

Schizophreniform disorder

The idea that mentally ill people eventually make their way down to the lower tiers of society and populate the lower socioeconomic status.

Downward drift hypothesis

Akathisia

Unpleasant subject of sense of restlessness, inability to sit still

Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia

Head CT of a schizophrenic patient shows…

Enlargement of the ventricles and diffuse cortical atrophy

Predisposition to paranoid psychosis.

Deafness

Dopamine antagonists. Mostly D2

First generation antipsychotics: chlorpromazine Thioridazine trifluoperazine haloperidol

Common side effects of first-generation antipsychotics

Extraparametal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and Tardiva dyskinesia

Involuntary learned responses.

Classical conditioning

Voluntary response is associated with positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

Operant conditioning

When patient project feelings about formative or other important persons onto a physician.

Transference

A physician reciprocating the patients feelings of formative or important person.

Countertransference

Unconscious mental processes used to resolve conflict and prevent undesirable feelings.

Ego defenses

Expressing an acceptable feelings and thoughts through actions such as tantrums.

Acting out

Intoxication with visual hallucination and aggression.

PCP or phencyclidine

Intoxication with CNS depression constipation and pinpoint pupils

Heroin or other opioids

Intoxication with formication

Cocaine