Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step One Pharmacology > psychiatry > Flashcards

psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

operant conditioning

A

an action is elicited because it produces a reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

negative reinforcement (a type of operant conditioning)

A

target behavior is followed by removal of aversive stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

temporary but drastic change in personality, behavior, memory, consciousness to avoid emotional stress

A

dissociation

-extreme forms = multiple personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mother yells at children bc husband yelled at her

A

displacement: a transfer of emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

projection

A

unacceptable internal impulse is attributed to external source

i want to cheat on wife, but I blame her for cheating on me

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

isolation (of affect)

A

seperate feeling from ideas/events

Don’t show emotion when describing trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

conduct disorder

A

repetitive/pervasive violation of basic rights of others. After 18 -> antisocial personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

enduring hostile behavior toward authority figures

-no serious violation of social norms or disregard or basic rights of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tourette’s

A

onset before 18, often resolves by adulthood
persistant tic/stereotyped behavior >1yr
**assoc with OCD
tx; antipscychotics (antidopamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
dvlpment
3months
6months
9months
12months
2yr
3yr
A

3mo social smile
6mo roll
9mo stranger anxiety
12mo: walk, separation anxiety, 1 word phrases, no babinsky, stack 3 blocks

2yr; 200words, 2 word phrases, 6 blocks
3yr; tricycle, pee at 3 (toilet training)

1 dimensional perception until about 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

severe language and poor social abilities
repetitive behaviors. focus on objects
usually below normal intelligence

A 
Autistic disorder
occasional savants (unusual abilities)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

milder autism without verbal/cognitive deficits

all absorbing interests, repetitive behavior, problem with social relationships

A

Asberger’s disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stereotyped hand wringing in girls with regression of development

A

Rett’s disorder (x linked). boys die in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADHD must start before when?

A

<12y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

trichotillomania

A

hair pulling disorder to relieve anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

conduct disorder at age 18 and older (disregard for rights of everything)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

binge eating vs bulimia disorder

A

binge eaters feel guilty but don’t purge or complensate (tend to become obese)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

electrolyte distrubance of vomiting

A

hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

vomit = HCL
exchange intracellular H+ for extracellulur K+ => hypokalemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypnogogic

A

hallucination while GOing to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hypnoPOMPic

A

hallucination while awakening from sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sublimation

A

replace unacceptable wish with action similar but without conflict of your morals
“sex with wife when wanted sex with office worker”
or im anxious so I’m going to go run to get it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fixation

A

partially remaining at childhood lvl of development (men and sports games)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hallucination vs illusion

A

hallucination is seeing what’s not there

illusion is interpreting erroneously something that is there (tree branch is an arm!!!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

visual vs auditory hallucinations in psychosis associated with disease

A

visual more common with medical illness

auditory more common with psychiatric (schiz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

formications

A

sensation of ants crawling on you

formic = ant. formic acid is in ant bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

schizophrenia vs schizoaffective vs brief psychotic disorder vs schizophreniform

A

schizophrenia: at least 1 + and 1 + or - symptoms for >6months AND a coinciding social/occupational dysfunction

brief psychotic disorder: 6mo

Schizaffective: 2 wks without mood disorder (depression/bipolar) concurrently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

schizoid

A

schiZOID aVOID; go live in cabin

voluntary withdrawal

NOT PART OF SCHIZOPHRENIA progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

schizotypal

A

may avoid, but also with strange behavior/thinking. may be a palm reader bc believes self is clarvoyant

NOT PART OF SCHIZOPHRENIA progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

delusional disorder

A

> 1month but functioning otherwise NOT impaired

Folie a deux if shared: “madness shared by 2”

paranoia but doesn’t inhibit functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

positive symptoms

negative symptoms

A

1 is required

  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • disorganized speech

grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (immobile/unresponsive behavior)

NEG = diminished emotional expression or avolition

flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack in speech/thought, alogia (poverty of speech= lack of unprompted speech), avolition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

mania

A

symptoms >1 week
impairment of social/occupational abilities

3+/7 symptoms DIGFAST

distractibility
irresponsible activities with high potential for consequence
grandiosity or inflated self esteem
flight of ideas or subjectively thoughts racing
activity increased/agitation, goal or nongoal oriented
sleep (need less)
talkative and or pressured speech

hypomania (>4 days); less severe
-not total loss in social/occupational ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

bipolar I
bipolar II
cyclothymic disorder

A

bipolar I: at least 1 manic episode, depressive and hypomania not required

bipolar II: hypomanic episode and a depressive episode required, there is NO MANIC episode

In all reality, eventually everyone has a depressive disorder in bipolar

Cyclothymic: hypomania, dysthmia >2 years: more mild.
-normal mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

SSIGECAPS

A 
5/9 >2wks major depression
*sadness
Sleep disturbance
*Interest loss (anhedonia)
guilt
energy decrease
concentration decrease
appetite change
psychomotor changes (slowing agintation)
SI
  • one is required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

obsession and compulsion in OCD

A

obsession is an intrusive thought that cannot be controlled

compulsion is the act of fulfilling the obsession in order to relieve it

35
Q

PTSD

A 
must last >1 month, can begin whenever
nightmare, hypervigilence, ect.
-hyperarousal
-intrusion recolection of trauma
-efforts to avoid recollection

if

36
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

must last >6 months
3+ symptoms

vs adjustment disorder: <6mo, following identifiable psychosocial stressor (divorce)

37
Q

personality trait vs disorder

A

disorder is a problem, trait is intrinsic pattern

they don’t recognize disorder

38
Q

cluster A personality

A

paranoid: often projection
schizoid: avoid/distant
schizotypical: eccentric, magical belief,

but no psychosis

39
Q

cluster B (in B movies)

A

DRama

antisocial -> >18y/o conduct disorder (sociopath)

borderline: unusual moods, manipulative, trouble with relationships (splitting)
histrionic: excessive emotion, attention seeking, provacative/sexual, overly interested with appearance
narcissistic: grandiosity, sense of entitlement, without empathy. is the “best”, and doesn’t like criticism

40
Q

Cluster C (c’s)

A

avoidant: coward, desire of relationships with others, but don’t, and feel lonely (like ppl)

obsessive-compulsive: unaware of disorder, as opposed to legit OCD. compulsive

dependent: clingy

***NOT AWARE OF THE DISORDERS

41
Q

undoing

A

a form of ego defense = confession

42
Q

fine motor

2, 3,4,5 y/o

A

line, circle, square, triangle

43
Q

language 1,2,3,4,5 years

A

1,2,3,4,5 word sentances

44
Q

transference

A

patient projects feelings from another important person onto physician. ie. psychiatrist is seen as parent

“if parent wasn’t there for the person as a child, then if the psychiatrist has to cancer the patient will be like… you’re never here for me.”

45
Q

atypical depression

A

a subtype of major depression

mood reactivity (can improve mood with positive events, vs major depression is no change)

hypersomnia and weight gain

leaden paralysis (heavy arms and legs)

Tx; unique bc use MAOi’s with SSRI’s

46
Q

Paranoid

A

pervasive distrust
delusion unrealistic but possible
FBI is following me, vs FBI has transmitters in my teeth

47
Q

Avoidant

A

Desire social interaction but hypersensitive to rejection, and is timid; feelings of inadequacy

48
Q

Schizotypal

A

truly believes in their magical beliefs

palm readers, tarot card readers

49
Q

Identification

A

Abused child abuses children
loved by mother, becomes loving mother

identify with persons from youth

50
Q

Rationalization

A

claiming a logical reasons for something when its actually the result of something else

Getting fired, didn’t like job anyway

51
Q

Reaction formation

A

You do the opposite of what you want to do

You are angry so you act super nice

52
Q

Repression vs Suppression

A

Repression is involuntary avoidance of feelings, Suppression is voluntary withholding of bad feelings.

53
Q

chlorpromazine

thioridazine

A

-zine = traditional low potency neuroleptics
low potency antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
-high anticholinergic SE
-antidopaminergic (D2) in mesolimbic area
-antiadrenergic

USE: Schizo

  • *every other traditional neuroleptic is high potency with fewer anticholinergic SE, but increased extrapyramidal effects/tardive dyskinesia
  • *SE neuroleptic malignant syndrome

“Cheating Thieves are LOW”

54
Q

High potency traditional neuroleptics (3)

A

“Try Fly High”
trifluoperazine
fluphenazine
haldol (Frequent EPS)

MOA: anti D2 receptor

antipsychotics, mostly of positive symptom control

SE: Extrapyramidal rxn, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

55
Q

extrapyramidal side effects antipsychotics

A

MORE in TYPICALS
hrs: acute dystonia (muscle spasm, stiffness, oculogyric crisis(upward deviation of eyes)

days: akathisia (restless) 20-75% prevalence, tx with B-blocker
wks: bradykinesia (parkinsonism), resting tremor
months: tardive dyskinesia )smack lips, stereotyped facial movements

56
Q

clozapine

A

MOA: complicated; anti dop, antiadren, antiserotonin
USE: schizo(helps + and - symptoms), bipolar, ocd, works to decrease/suppress tardive dyskenesia

SE: *agranulocytosis (1% incidence, weekly WBC monitoring), seizures (10% incidence), weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II, hypotension; less EPS and anticholinergic than traditionals but still quite anticholinergic

olanzapine is another atypical that treats + and - symptoms

**Clozapine is the gold standard for TREATMENT RESISTANT schizophrenia, must fail 2 antipsychotics prior to use

57
Q

risperidone- Risperdal

A

atypical antipsychotic
USE: less sedation than other neuroleptics

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic, weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II
**Orthostasis, maybe more EPS than other atypicals

58
Q

olanzapine- Zyprexa

A

atypical antipsychotic
Treats + and - symptoms (only one other than cloazapine)

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic,weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II

**Weight Gain, prolactin increase

59
Q

quetiapine- Seroquel

A

atypical antipsychotic

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic, weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II

**Weight Gain, Sedation, Anxiety

60
Q

aripiprazole- Abilify

A

3rd generation atypical antipsychotic

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic, weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II

**Nausea, Anxiety, Insomnia

61
Q

ziprasidone - Geodon

A

atypical antipsychotic

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic, little weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II

62
Q

paliperidone - Invega

A

atypical antipsychotic

SE: less extrapyramidal and anticholinergic, weight gain, dyslipidemia, DM II

63
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

from traditional antipsychotics
rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability(tachycardia), hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolisis

tx; dantrolene or d2 agonist

64
Q

What SE profile do you need to monitor for atypical antipsychotics?

A

weight gain, dyslipidemia (lipid profile), DM II (BGL)

65
Q

Lithium

A

Mood Stabilizer, only med proven to acutely decrease suicide rates
USE: Bipolar disorder (>12y/o, if children decreased GFR can raise lithium to toxic lvls (Ibuprofen/ARB/ACEi)

66
Q

delusional disorder

A

symptoms of persistent delusion >1month without other psychotic symptoms

Tx; antipsychotics (not that helpful with delusional disorder) and psychosocial

67
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Schizoaffective disorder is essentially schizophrenia with manic episodes or a significant depressive component.

●The difference between mood disorders with psychosis and schizoaffective disorder is the timing of symptoms. In schizoaffective disorder, psychosis can and does occur in the absence of a mood episode (2wks minimum); in psychotic mood disorders the psychosis is only observed in the presence of a mood episode

68
Q

Clonazepam (klonipine)

A

MOA: unknown, GABA-like action
USE: seizures, panic attacks

69
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
MOA: unknown
Use:
Epilepsy: partial/generalized/mixed
Trigeminal neuralgia
Bipolar disorder I, acute mania

SE: sjs, aplastic anemia, neural tube defects

70
Q

Bupropion

A

MOA: NDRI (norepi dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
USE: antidepressant, smoking cessation

SE: seizures, NO SEXUAL Dysfunction, stimulant

71
Q

Do tricyclic SE include sexual dysfunction?

A

yep.

72
Q

tricyclic antidepressant

A

MOA: block NE/serotinin

USE: major depression, bedwetting, ocd (clomipramine esp in drug abuse d/o), fibromyalgia

3C’s

  • cardiotoxicity (tachy, hypotension
  • cns (obtundended, coma, seizure)
  • antiCholinergic (mydriasis, pyrexia, anhidrosis)
  • hyperpyrexia
  • respiratory depression

tx overdose with benzo and bicarb

*imipramine, desipramine (10% caucasians poor metabolizers), amitriptyline, nortriptyline (10% caucasians poor metabolizers)

73
Q

What two antipsychotics ameliorate negative symptoms of schizophrenia on top of the normal + symptom control.

A

Clozapine and Olanzepine

74
Q

Trazodone

A

MOA: SSRI, and blocks H-1 and Alpha-1 Receptors
USE: Major Depression D/o, Insomnia

SE: priapism (1:10,000 -> discontinue),

75
Q

TCA overdose

1) severe toxicity
2) death

A

TCA severe toxicity by 1gram (as little as 700mg)

Death usually 2-3grams

76
Q

Serotonin syndrome (overdose SSRI)

S/s
hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, myoclonas, diarrhea, flushing, autonomic instability (tachycardia)

A

1) Benzos + supportive care

2) Cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist), not used that much

77
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

MOA: Serotonin Antagonist
USE: Seroronine syndrome, reverse negative effects of SSRI’s

78
Q

Chance of relapse depression if you’ve had one episode?

A

> 50%

79
Q

Valproic Acid

Divalproex

A

BLocks NA channels (prevent depolarization and increase refractory period

USE: Generalized seizures, 2nd for absence seizure, mania

SE: hepatotoxic, spina bifida/neural tube defects

80
Q

Best way to check for tricyclic overdose

A

QRS prolongation

81
Q

Venlafaxine

A

MOA: SNRI

USE: Generalized anxiety, Major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia

SE

82
Q

What psych meds inhibit P450 system and can affect INR with coumadin admin

A

SSRI’s: esp sertraline (zoloft), paroxetine, fluvoxamine

83
Q

Clonidine

A

MOA: Alpha 2 agonist
USE: Essential htn
-off label; ADHD (esp hyperactivity), tics

84
Q

What meds reduce REM sleep and can be used for cataplexy?

A

Brainstem circuits that generate REM sleep are strongly inhibited by norepinephrine and serotonin. Thus, drugs that increase noradrenergic and serotonergic signaling suppress REM sleep and reduce cataplexy

Antidepressants: SSRI’s, MAOi’s, TCA’s

Step One Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions