Psychiatry Flashcards
Illusion?
A misperception of an external stimulus
Hallucination?
A perception experienced as real in the absence of an external stimulus that the patient believes is real
Types of hallucinations?
Visual
Auditory - 2nd, 3rd person
Olfactory
Tactile
Pseudo-hallucination?
The same as a hallucination which the patient knows isn’t real
Delusion?
A false belief that is fixed despite counter-evidence
Overvalued idea?
Solitary, abnormal belief that’s neither delusional nor obsessional but preoccupying the person’s life - they may change their mind
Delusional perception?
Delusions that arise from a real perception and can be self-referential:
-E.g. seeing flowers means aliens are coming
Thought alienation?
Patients feel that their own thoughts are in some way no longer within their control
Thought insertion?
A belief that thoughts can be inserted into the patient’s mind
Thought withdrawal?
A belief that thoughts can be removed from the patient’s mind
Thought broadcasting?
A belief that others can hear the patient’s thoughts
Obsessions?
A recurrent thought, impulse or image that enters the subject’s mind despite resistance
Compulsions?
Repetitive behaviours that the patient feels compelled to perform despite irrationality of behaviour
Thought blocking?
Expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic
Thought echo?
The person hears his or her own thoughts as if they were being spoken aloud
Poverty of speech?
Lack of spontaneous speech
Loosening of association/knight’s move thinking?
Loosening of associations where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another
Circumstantiality?
Inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail but answers the question at the end
Tangenitality?
Refers to wandering from a topic without returning to it
Neologisms?
New word formations
Clang associations?
When ideas are related to each other by sounding similar or rhyming
Word salad?
Completely incoherent speech where real words are strung together into nonsense sentences
Flight of ideas?
Feature of mania where there are leaps from one topic to another but there are discernible leaps between them
Perseveration?
Repetition of ideas or words despite an attempt to change the topic
Echolalia?
Repetition of someone else’s speech, including the question that was asked
Logoclonia?
When a patient continuously repeats the last syllable of a word or phrase
Monomania?
Pathological preoccupation with a single subject or idea
Echopraxia?
Automatic imitation of another person’s movements by a patient
Derailment?
Conversation moves randomly from one topic to another
Anhedonia?
Reduced ability to experience pleasure
Pressure of speech?
Feature of mania with rapid, unrelenting and often loud talking without pauses
Confabulation?
When a patient generates false memories without the intention of deceit
Catatonia?
Abnormal movement, communication and behaviour where patients may hold unusual postures, perform odd actions, remain blank.
Most commonly caused by severe depression
Depersonalisation?
A feeling of detachment from the normal sense of self
Derealisation?
A sense that the world around them isn’t a reality
Stupor?
Excessively deep level of unresponsiveness and lack of critical mental function
Psychomotor retardation?
Delayed motor initiation, impaired motor coordination, delayed motor reaction time, and slowed speed and degree of movements
Flattening of affect?
A person with flat affect has no or nearly no emotional expression
Incongruity of affect?
Immediate affect may not be similar to overall mood:
e.g. the patient will have happy thoughts and look happy when talking about a sad event
Somatic passivity?
Passive recipient of bodily sensations imposed from outside forces
Delirium?
Acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition, often accompanied by a change in consciousness. It is typically reversible and frequently seen in the elderly, particularly in inpatient settings
