Psychiatry

Question 1

Illusion?

Answer 1

A misperception of an external stimulus

Question 2

Hallucination?

Answer 2

A perception experienced as real in the absence of an external stimulus that the patient believes is real

Question 3

Types of hallucinations?

Answer 3

Visual
Auditory - 2nd, 3rd person
Olfactory
Tactile

Question 4

Pseudo-hallucination?

Answer 4

The same as a hallucination which the patient knows isn’t real

Question 5

Delusion?

Answer 5

A false belief that is fixed despite counter-evidence

Question 6

Overvalued idea?

Answer 6

Solitary, abnormal belief that’s neither delusional nor obsessional but preoccupying the person’s life - they may change their mind

Question 7

Delusional perception?

Answer 7

Delusions that arise from a real perception and can be self-referential:
-E.g. seeing flowers means aliens are coming

Question 8

Thought alienation?

Answer 8

Patients feel that their own thoughts are in some way no longer within their control

Question 9

Thought insertion?

Answer 9

A belief that thoughts can be inserted into the patient’s mind

Question 10

Thought withdrawal?

Answer 10

A belief that thoughts can be removed from the patient’s mind

Question 11

Thought broadcasting?

Answer 11

A belief that others can hear the patient’s thoughts

Question 12

Obsessions?

Answer 12

A recurrent thought, impulse or image that enters the subject’s mind despite resistance

Question 13

Compulsions?

Answer 13

Repetitive behaviours that the patient feels compelled to perform despite irrationality of behaviour

Question 14

Thought blocking?

Answer 14

Expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic

Question 15

Thought echo?

Answer 15

The person hears his or her own thoughts as if they were being spoken aloud

Question 16

Poverty of speech?

Answer 16

Lack of spontaneous speech

Question 17

Loosening of association/knight’s move thinking?

Answer 17

Loosening of associations where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another

Question 18

Circumstantiality?

Answer 18

Inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail but answers the question at the end

Question 19

Tangenitality?

Answer 19

Refers to wandering from a topic without returning to it

Question 20

Neologisms?

Answer 20

New word formations

Question 21

Clang associations?

Answer 21

When ideas are related to each other by sounding similar or rhyming

Question 22

Word salad?

Answer 22

Completely incoherent speech where real words are strung together into nonsense sentences

Question 23

Flight of ideas?

Answer 23

Feature of mania where there are leaps from one topic to another but there are discernible leaps between them

Question 24

Perseveration?

Answer 24

Repetition of ideas or words despite an attempt to change the topic

Question 25

Echolalia?

Answer 25

Repetition of someone else’s speech, including the question that was asked

Question 26

Logoclonia?

Answer 26

When a patient continuously repeats the last syllable of a word or phrase

Question 27

Monomania?

Answer 27

Pathological preoccupation with a single subject or idea

Question 28

Echopraxia?

Answer 28

Automatic imitation of another person’s movements by a patient

Question 29

Derailment?

Answer 29

Conversation moves randomly from one topic to another

Question 30

Anhedonia?

Answer 30

Reduced ability to experience pleasure

Question 31

Pressure of speech?

Answer 31

Feature of mania with rapid, unrelenting and often loud talking without pauses

Question 32

Confabulation?

Answer 32

When a patient generates false memories without the intention of deceit

Question 33

Catatonia?

Answer 33

Abnormal movement, communication and behaviour where patients may hold unusual postures, perform odd actions, remain blank.
Most commonly caused by severe depression

Question 34

Depersonalisation?

Answer 34

A feeling of detachment from the normal sense of self

Question 35

Derealisation?

Answer 35

A sense that the world around them isn’t a reality

Question 36

Stupor?

Answer 36

Excessively deep level of unresponsiveness and lack of critical mental function

Question 37

Psychomotor retardation?

Answer 37

Delayed motor initiation, impaired motor coordination, delayed motor reaction time, and slowed speed and degree of movements

Question 38

Flattening of affect?

Answer 38

A person with flat affect has no or nearly no emotional expression

Question 39

Incongruity of affect?

Answer 39

Immediate affect may not be similar to overall mood:
e.g. the patient will have happy thoughts and look happy when talking about a sad event

Question 40

Somatic passivity?

Answer 40

Passive recipient of bodily sensations imposed from outside forces

Question 41

Delirium?

Answer 41

Acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition, often accompanied by a change in consciousness. It is typically reversible and frequently seen in the elderly, particularly in inpatient settings