Psychiatry Flashcards
What are the organic mental disorders?
Dementia
Delirium
Brain Damage
What are the mood disorders?
Depression
Bipolar disorder
What are the neurotic, somatoform disorders?
Phobias
GAD
PTSD
adjustment Disorder
OCD
Somatoform Disorder
What are the components of cognitive function
Memory
Concentration
Visuo-spatial abilities
Executive function
Which screening questionnaire covers all the components of cognitive function?
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
What are the precipitating risk factors for psychiatric disorders?
Stressful life events
Acute physical illness
Misuse of alcohol or drugs
Generalised cerebral atrophy seen in?
Alzheimer’s disease
What are the changes that occur in brain in schizophrenia?
Enlarged Ventricle with slightly decreased brain size
PET- ↑ dopamine synthesis in striatum
MRI- Generalised Gray matter loss over time ( poor prognostic factor)
Finding of depression
PET- ↓ 5HT transporter binding in the mid-brain and amygdala
MRI- ↑ Anterior cingulate Activity (Good response to Antidepressant and CBT)
Which can predict the development of schizophrenia in an at risk population?
MRI
Believing others are out to harm one is?
Persecutory delusion
Having unfounded conviction that one has cancer is?
Hypochondriacal delusion
Believing that one has special power and status is
Grandiose delusion
Thinking that my head is missing, i have no body is
Nihilistic delusion
What are the systemic complications of IV substance misuse?
Endocarditis
Hepatitis
HIV
What are the most common forms of hallucination?
Visual
Auditory
Running Commentary is strongly associated with?
Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Depressive Disorder?
Psychological:
- Depressed mood
- Reduced self esteem
- Pessimism
- Guilt
- Loss of interest
- Loss of enjoyment (Anhedonia)
- Suicidal Thinking
Somatic:
- Reduced Appetite
- Bowel Disturbance
- Weight change
- Fatigue
- Disturbed Sleep
- loss if libido
- Motor retardation
Organic (medical) cause of anxiety?
hyperthyroidism
Paroxysmal arrhythmia
Phaeochromocytoma
Alchohol and Benzodiazepine withdrawal
Hypoglycemia
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Functional somatic syndrome related to GIT, Gynae, Rheumatology, Neurology, Cardiology, Respiratory, ENT, Infectious disease, Dentistry, Allergic medicine
GIT → IBS, Functional Dyspepsia
Gynaecology → PMS, Chronic pelvic pain
Rheumatology → Fibromyalgia
Neurology → Tension Headache, Non epileptic attack, functional gait disorder
Cardiology → Atypical or non cardiac chest pain
Respiratory → Hyperventilation syndrome
ENT → Globus syndrome
Infectious disease → Chronic (post viral) fatigue syndrome
Dentistry → TMJ Dysfunction, Atypical chest pain
Allergic medicine → Multiple chemical sensitivity
Which drug should be used to reverse extrapyramidal effects following the haloperidol administration?
Anti-cholinergic agent such as procyclidine
What are the negative cognitive triads that are associated with depression?
→ Negative view of self
→ Negative view of current life experiences
→ Negative View of the future
What are the most common forms of dementia?
→ Alzheimer’s disease
→ Diffuse vascular dementia
Sign of frontal lobe Dysfunction
Cognitive:
Lack of initiation
Disinhibition
Anti-social behavior
Impaired memory
Expressive Dysphasia
Incontinance
Physical Sign:
Impaired smell
Contralateral hemiparesis
Frontal release sign
Positive Phenomena:
Seizures
Sign of temporal lobe dysfunction
Cognitive:
Dyslexia
Reactive aphasia
Impaired verbal + non verbal memory
Impaired musical skill
Physical sign:
Contralateral homonymous Upper quadrantanopia
Positive phenomena: Complex hallucination
What are the EEG findings in creutzfeldt-jakob disease
Characteristic abnormalities of generalised periodic sharp wave pattern
Which alleles are associated with developing Alzheimer’s disease?
Apolipoprotein E4
