Psychiatric Nursing: Theory, Principles, and Trends Flashcards
List the 4 Fundamental Objectives that guide PMH nurses and related disciplines?
Promotion & protection of mental health
Prevention of mental disorders
Treatment of mental disorders
Recovery and rehabilitation
Universal Agreement
Mental Health is an integral part of total health, inseparable component of overall health, welfare and safety. It affects quality of life, effective daily functioning and overall perception of well-being are closely linked to sound mental health.
Core Mental Health Disciplines:
Marriage and Family Therapy Psychiatrists Psychologists Psychiatric Social Work Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Bottom to Top
Basic physiologic needs - food, water, shelter, etc
Safety and security - freedom from harm, financial support, etc
Love and Belonging - healthy support group, open communication, etc
Self-Esteem - positive self-regard, confidence
Self-Actualization - Maximum potential, express talents, satisfaction, etc.
What is the most important site to promote and protect mental health? and Why?
Home because mental health starts from an early life experiences.
How do nurses promote and protect mental health?
Give and teach appropriate and factual contents of mental health
Ensuring healthcare access
Provide ongoing education
Reduce stigma
Stigma
Disgrace or shame of mental illness
Delays care and gives poor prognosis for the patients because it can cloud their judgment
Primary Prevention
Aims to reduce mental health problems before it even occurs.
Secondary Prevention
Aims to reduce the impact of injury or disease after it occurred.
Deals with short term consequences
Tertiary Prevention
Reduce residual effects of a disorder and promote rehabilitation.
Deals with long term consequences
Treatment is based on:
Patient centered model
What is patient centered model
Patient will make their own decisions in their treatment plan. This allows for better outcome.
Best Practice
A method or technique that is considered to be the best among other treatment choices that it can also be the standard way of doing things.
When can a patient not make their own treatment decisions?
Person is unable to think appropriately due to mental incompetence or psychosis
when person is so severely depressed that he or she is intent on committing suicide.
Evidence-based practice
uses research evidence to solve clinical problems.
Integrated Care
Look at overall patient’s problems,
Mind and body connection.
Integrate different specialties if necessary
Collaborate with others to treat everything about the patient.
Reasons for interest in recovery and rehabilitation phase of mental health
Allow patients to join society again and allow them to be active in their treatment.
Prevents relapses and recurrences with patients
More funding is given to mental health facilities.
Other Main Issues of Mental Health
Funding Safety issues Quality of care issues Social stigma Standardization of APN roles
Therapeutic alliance
Professional relationship between nurses and patients that is established on trust.
Allows patients to discuss their needs and problems without judgment.
Comprehensive care model for PMHN
Biologic Social Spiritual Environmental Culture Psychological
Risk Factors of Mental Health
Characteristics that increases a person's chance of developing mental illnesses. Biological Psychological Sociocultural Environmental
Protective factors of Mental Health
These guards against person's chance of becoming mentally ill. Resilience Good Overall health High stress tolerance High motivation and competence Supportive family/friends Sufficient income
Neuroplasticity
ability of brain to grow and reorganize synaptic connections
Disease
Distinctive process in the body and with specific causes and characteristic symptoms
Disorder
Irregularity, disturbance or interruption of normal functions
Syndrome
Cluster of symptoms occurring together and characterizing a specific disease
Two classifications of Mental Health that lists mental disorders and diagnosis
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Axis I-V:
I: Consisted of mental health and substance disorders
II: Personality disorders and mental retardation
III: Coding general medical conditions
IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems
V: Assessment of overall functioning known as Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scale.
Four benefits of reform:
All patients wit psychiatric or substance abuse disorder will be included in care
Care cannot be refused to patients with mental health problems
Increased funding, more health centers and more access
Parity, equal payments for mental health services like medsurg.
