Psychiatric Nursing: Theory, Principles, and Trends

Question 1

List the 4 Fundamental Objectives that guide PMH nurses and related disciplines?

Answer 1

Promotion & protection of mental health
Prevention of mental disorders
Treatment of mental disorders
Recovery and rehabilitation

Question 2

Universal Agreement

Answer 2

Mental Health is an integral part of total health, inseparable component of overall health, welfare and safety. It affects quality of life, effective daily functioning and overall perception of well-being are closely linked to sound mental health.

Question 3

Core Mental Health Disciplines:

Answer 3

Marriage and Family Therapy
Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Psychiatric Social Work 
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing

Question 4

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Bottom to Top

Answer 4

Basic physiologic needs - food, water, shelter, etc
Safety and security - freedom from harm, financial support, etc
Love and Belonging - healthy support group, open communication, etc
Self-Esteem - positive self-regard, confidence
Self-Actualization - Maximum potential, express talents, satisfaction, etc.

Question 5

What is the most important site to promote and protect mental health? and Why?

Answer 5

Home because mental health starts from an early life experiences.

Question 6

How do nurses promote and protect mental health?

Answer 6

Give and teach appropriate and factual contents of mental health
Ensuring healthcare access
Provide ongoing education
Reduce stigma

Question 7

Stigma

Answer 7

Disgrace or shame of mental illness

Delays care and gives poor prognosis for the patients because it can cloud their judgment

Question 8

Primary Prevention

Answer 8

Aims to reduce mental health problems before it even occurs.

Question 9

Secondary Prevention

Answer 9

Aims to reduce the impact of injury or disease after it occurred.
Deals with short term consequences

Question 10

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 10

Reduce residual effects of a disorder and promote rehabilitation.
Deals with long term consequences

Question 11

Treatment is based on:

Answer 11

Patient centered model

Question 12

What is patient centered model

Answer 12

Patient will make their own decisions in their treatment plan. This allows for better outcome.

Question 13

Best Practice

Answer 13

A method or technique that is considered to be the best among other treatment choices that it can also be the standard way of doing things.

Question 14

When can a patient not make their own treatment decisions?

Answer 14

Person is unable to think appropriately due to mental incompetence or psychosis
when person is so severely depressed that he or she is intent on committing suicide.

Question 15

Evidence-based practice

Answer 15

uses research evidence to solve clinical problems.

Question 16

Integrated Care

Answer 16

Look at overall patient’s problems,
Mind and body connection.
Integrate different specialties if necessary
Collaborate with others to treat everything about the patient.

Question 17

Reasons for interest in recovery and rehabilitation phase of mental health

Answer 17

Allow patients to join society again and allow them to be active in their treatment.
Prevents relapses and recurrences with patients
More funding is given to mental health facilities.

Question 18

Other Main Issues of Mental Health

Answer 18

Funding
Safety issues
Quality of care issues
Social stigma
Standardization of APN roles

Question 19

Therapeutic alliance

Answer 19

Professional relationship between nurses and patients that is established on trust.
Allows patients to discuss their needs and problems without judgment.

Question 20

Comprehensive care model for PMHN

Answer 20

Biologic
Social 
Spiritual 
Environmental
Culture 
Psychological

Question 21

Risk Factors of Mental Health

Answer 21

Characteristics that increases a person's chance of developing mental illnesses.
Biological
Psychological
Sociocultural
Environmental

Question 22

Protective factors of Mental Health

Answer 22

These guards against person's chance of becoming mentally ill. 
Resilience
Good Overall health
High stress tolerance
High motivation and competence
Supportive family/friends
Sufficient income

Question 23

Neuroplasticity

Answer 23

ability of brain to grow and reorganize synaptic connections

Question 24

Disease

Answer 24

Distinctive process in the body and with specific causes and characteristic symptoms

Question 25

Disorder

Answer 25

Irregularity, disturbance or interruption of normal functions

Question 26

Syndrome

Answer 26

Cluster of symptoms occurring together and characterizing a specific disease

Question 27

Two classifications of Mental Health that lists mental disorders and diagnosis

Answer 27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Question 28

Axis I-V:

Answer 28

I: Consisted of mental health and substance disorders
II: Personality disorders and mental retardation
III: Coding general medical conditions
IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems
V: Assessment of overall functioning known as Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scale.

Question 29

Four benefits of reform:

Answer 29

All patients wit psychiatric or substance abuse disorder will be included in care
Care cannot be refused to patients with mental health problems
Increased funding, more health centers and more access
Parity, equal payments for mental health services like medsurg.