Psychiatric Nursing (Pdf) Flashcards
1
Q
published the first psychiatric nursing textbook, Nursing Mental
Diseases in 1920
A
Harriet Bailey
2
Q
The National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) was
established thru
A
Public Works Act 3258
3
Q
thru Public Works Act 3258.
* It was first known as
A
INSULAR PSYCHOPATHIC
HOSPITAL
4
Q
This hospital was later known as the NATIONAL MENTAL
HOSPITAL, given on
A
November 12, 1986
5
Q
The psychiatric-mental health nurse analyzes the data in
determining diagnoses
A
Standard II. Diagnosis
6
Q
to assist clients in improving or regaining their previous
coping abilities, fostering mental health, and preventing mental illness
and disability
A
Counseling
7
Q
maintains a therapeutic environment in collaboration with the client and
other health care providers
A
Milieu Therapy
8
Q
psychobiologic interventions and applies clinical skills to restore the
client‘s health and prevent further disability
A
Psychobiologic Interventions
9
Q
to coordinate comprehensive health services and ensure
continuity of care
A
Case Management
10
Q
is relatively stable, and environmental
stresses are within its absorptive capacity
A
WHO MENTAL HEALTH
11
Q
Intimacy, helping others, effective
communication, maintaining a balance of separateness and connection
A
Interpersonal factors
12
Q
– vitality, finding meaning to life,
biological make-up, emotional resilience, spirituality, sense of harmony
in one’s life
A
Individual factors –
13
Q
access to adequate resources,
sense of community, intolerance of violence
A
Social, Cultural factors
14
Q
Process by which the individual gains recognition of his or
her own feelings, beliefs and attitudes
A
SELF - AWARENESS
15
Q
Good ________ leads to self-acceptance
A
self-concept
16
Q
Distinguished facts from fantasy
⮚ Behave appropriately
A
Reality Orientation
17
Q
regards of oneself with realistic concept of
strength and weakness, accept others easily
A
SELF-ACCEPTANCE
18
Q
sum total of or whole being
– Aggregate of the physical and mental qualities of individual
A
PERSONALITY
19
Q
Believed that vast majority of mental disorder were due to
unresolved issues that originate in childhood
A
SIGMUND FREUD (1856 – 1939)
20
Q
– aware at any time
A
Conscious
21
Q
can be retrieved rather easily through conscious part
A
Pre-conscious
22
Q
– repressed memories, passion, unacceptable urges
A
Unconscious
23
Q
source of all drives, instincts, reflexes, needs, genetic inheritance
and capability to respond to wishes that motive us
A
ID
24
Q
Personality structure that is present at birth and has libidal energy
A
ID
25
if id is not controlled effectively the
individual function in
antisocial
26
EGO – begins during the
first 8 months of life and is fairly develop when
the child reaches 2 years
27
Ego is problem solver and a?
Reality tester
28
Ego is influenced by?
Influenced by heredity, environmental factors and maturation
29
both in the conscious and unconscious but operates
mostly on the unconscious level
Superego
30
super ego develops around?
around 3-4 years and fairly develop at age 10
31
– if superego is so strong the life of the
individual is dominated by its restriction on behavior, he or she is likely
to be
unhappy, inhibited and anxiety-guilt ridden.
32
ability to delay immediate gratification
Anal (1-3) years
33
Beginning of superego development
Phallic
34
Each stage of development is an emotional crisis involving
positive and negative experiences
ERIK ERICKSON’S DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
35
Views intellectual development as result of constant
interaction between environmental influences and genetically determined
attributes
JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY
36
Learns by exploring objects and events and by imitating
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (0 – 2 yr)
37
Infants develop
at SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (0 – 2 yr)
SCHEMATA (assimilation and
accommodations incoming information)
38
Learns by thinking images
* Develop expressive language and symbolic play
PREOPERATION STAGE (2 – 7 yr)
39
(seeing things from own point of view)
Egocentrism
40
Able to think more logically as concept of moral judgment,
numbers, spatial relationship
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE (8 – 12 yr)
41
Develops adult logic
– Able to reason, form conclusion, plan for the future, think
abstractly and builds ideas
FORMAL OPERATION STAGE (12 – adulthood)
42
Personality development
Infancy
– crying is used to establish contact with others
43
Personality development childhood
– language is used to assist with learning to delay the
gratification of need
44
Personality development
Juvenile
– competition, compromise and cooperation are tools
for developing relationship with others
45
painful feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity or blocks
to getting biological needs satisfied
Anixety
46
– use of sleep to avoid anxiety
Somnolent detachment –
47
– emotional detachment or numbing
Apathyq
48
tuning out details associated with anxiety producing situation
Selective inattention
49
powerlessness is exchanged for a
temporary feeling of power associated with anger directed outward
Converting anxiety to anger
50
stemming from physiochemical requirement of life
Tension of needs –
51
from interpersonal situation
Tension of anxiety
52
classical conditioning was developed by
Ivan Pavlov
53
refers to the gaining of a learned response (once a
response is learned, it continues)
acquisition
54
the loss of learned response
Extinction
55
operant conditioning involves the
use of reinforce consequences to change the behavior
Operant conditioning (Skinner’s theory)
* developed by B. F. Skinner, o
56
involves the use of aversive
consequences to decrease a particular behavior
positive punishment
57
involves withdrawing the reward to
decrease a particular behavior
negative punishment
58
refers to new behaviors that are learned by
imitating the behavior of another person
modeling
59
involves the use of tokens for desirable
behavior
operant conditioning
60
involves gradually confronting a
stimulus that evokes intense anxiety, it is useful in treating phobiasinvolves gradually confronting a
stimulus that evokes intense anxiety, it is useful in treating phobias
systemic desensitization
61
operates on the principle that unpleasant
consequences result from undesirable behavior, it may be used in
treatment of paraphilias
aversive therapy
62
involves training techniques used to control
physiologic responses such as stress response and its physiologic
manifestations
biofeedback
63
are training techniques used to
counteract anxiety symptoms
relaxation techniques
64
incorporates techniques to overcome
passivity or aggression in interpersonal situation
assertiveness training
65
In the behavioral framework, the nurse assesses
both adaptive
and maladaptive behaviors.
66
the cognitive framework focuses on
distorted or negative
thought patterns that lead to maladaptive or symptomatic feelings
67
a form of therapy developed by Aaron
Beck, encompasses various treatment methods in which the therapist and
client work closely to identify maladaptive thought patterns and develop
alternate ways of thinking and behaving.
Cognitive therapy
68
The goal of the cognitive therapy is to
diminish depressive symptoms
by helping the client challenge and invalidate distorted thoughts
69
developed by Albert Ellis,
helps the client examine own irrational thoughts and behavior through
verbal discussion
In Rational-Emotive therapy
70
based on the collective efforts of Fritz
Perls and Paul Goodman, the therapist promotes the client’s self
awareness and increased self responsibility for meeting needs
In Gestalt therapy
71
developed by Aaron Beck, the
therapist teaches the client to identify and correct dysfunctional thoughts
about the self, world and the future
s and increased self responsibility for meeting needs.
* In Beck’s Cognitive therapy
72
– change of maladaptive beliefs
through positive self statements and refusing irrational beliefs
Cognitive restructuring
73
constantly say “STOP” to maladaptive
thoughts
Thought stopping
74
focuses on the “here and now” –
current behaviors, issues and problems – as well as spiritual values and
meanings.
Humanistic framework
75
theory of human motivation theory
describes human needs that are organized according to levels in which
individuals move on to higher needs as lower, more basic needs are met
Abraham Maslow’s theory
76
fundamental human anxiety is fear
of death which leads to
existential anxiety
77
the belief that mental illness results from an individuals failure to
develop fully as human being
Client centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers
78
– a form of talk therapy that focuses on
life issues of freedom, helplessness, loss, isolation, aloneness, anxiety
and death; through psychotherapy, the client discovers his own meaning
of existence.
Existential therapy
79
Focused on human needs fulfilment, which is categorized into
6 incremental stages.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
80
varied; made up of parts from various sources
* choosing what is best or preferred from a variety of sources or
styles
Eclectic
81
automatic response to a stimulus (blinking reflex,
gag reflex)
Reflex action
82
presence of two factors:
Presence of need within the individual
● Presence of goal outside the individual
Goal oriented behavior
83
The result o f the presence of two opposing or incompatible
drives wherein the person is required to make a choice between the
possible responses
CONFLICT
84
DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT
Conflict → ↑ anxiety → feeling of hopelessness, helplessness
and isolation → ↑ perceived conflict increases → ↑ anxiety
85
a stimulus or situation that produces distress and create
physical and psychological demands on a person that requires coping and
adapting
STRESS
86
feeling of uncertainty; uneasiness, apprehension or tension that a person
experiences in response to an unknown object or situation
ANXIETY
87
healthy life force
– Motivates people to make & survive change
– Proportionate to actual events
Normal anxiety
88
Precipitated by an imminent loss or change that threatens an
individual’s sense of security
Acute anxiety
89
the person has lived with the stress for a long time
Chronic anxiety
90
threat towards maintaining
established views of self, values and patterns of behavior he uses to
resists changes in self review
Threat to self-esteem
91
Mild anxiety
Able to work effectively
Alert that something is wrong
Slight discomfort
Restlessnesss
Irritability
Lip chewing or foot tapping
92
Has narrowed perceptual field
Selective inattention
Changes in voice pitch
Repetitive questioniong
High RR, PR, Muscle tension
Moderate ANxiety
93
Both severe and panic stage of anxiety depicts?
Environment is blocked, events are not occuring
94
Severe anxiety
Focuses on specific detail
May not be able to attend to environment
Unable to see connection
Has distorted perceptions
Confusion
Tachycardia
Withdrawal
Loud and rapid speech
95
Experience of terror
Dilated pupils
Severe withdrawal
Hallucinations
Panic
96
INTERVENTIONS FOR MILD TO MODERATE LEVELS OF
ANXIETY
Help client to focus and sole problems with the use of
communication techniques
* Help client identify anxiety
* Provide a calm presence
* Recognize the anxious person’s distress
* Be willing to listen
97
INTERVENTIONS FOR SEVERE TO PANIC LEVELS OF
ANXIETY
Maintain a calm manner
* Always remain with the client
* Minimize environmental stimuli
* Use clear and simple statements and repetition
* Use a low pitched voice; speak slow
98
Protects people from painful awareness of feelings and
memories that can provoke anxiety
DEFENSE MECHANISM
99
emotional conflicts and stressors are dealt with by meeting
the needs of others
Altruism
100
unconscious process of substituting constructive and
socially acceptable activity for strong impulses that are not acceptable in
the original form
Sublimation
101
deals with emotional conflict or stress by emphasizing the
amusing or ironic aspects of the conflict or stressor.
Humor
102
conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling
Suppression
103
exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences,
emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness
Repression
104
– transfer of emotion associated with a particular person,
object, or situation to another person, object, or situation that is nonthreatening
Displacement
105
unacceptable feelings or behaviors are kept out of
awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion
Reaction formation
106
consciously doing something to counteract or make up for a
transgression or wrongdoing
Undoing
107
– transforming anxiety on an unconscious level into a
physical symptoms that has no organic cause
Somatization
108
justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or
feelings by developing acceptable explanation that satisfy the teller as
well as the listener
Rationalization
109
consciously or unconsciously using only logical
explanation without one’s feelings or an affective component
Intellectualization
110
consciously covering up for a weakness by
overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait
Compensation
111
deals with emotional conflict or stressors by
indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression towards another
Passive aggression –
112
deals with emotional conflict or stressors by
actions rather than reflections or feelings
Acting-out behavior
113
unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotion
from an unacceptable idea, situation or object
Dissociation
114
conscious or unconscious attempt to model oneself after
a respected person
Identification
115
unconsciously incorporating values & attitudes of others
as if they were your own
Introjection
116
emotional conflict or stressors are dealt with by
attributing negative qualities to self or others
Devaluation
117
– attributing exaggerated positive qualities others
Idealization
118
the inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of
oneself or others into a cohesive image.
Splitting
119
person unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable
personal features and attributes to other people, objects or situation
Projection –
120
– escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence
Denial
121
unconscious return to an earlier and more comfortable
developmental level
Regression
