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Mental > Psychiatric Med review > Flashcards

Psychiatric Med review Flashcards

1
Q

What causes agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

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2
Q

What are the early signs of agranulocytosis?

A

Fever, Sore throat, Mouth sores

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3
Q

What is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a severe reduction of WBC

A

Agranulocytosis

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4
Q

What is the nursing intervention for agranulocytosis

A

-Monitor CBC with differential regularly
-Obtain baseline CBC before starting medication
-Assess for signs of infection

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5
Q

When do we discontinue clozapine

A

-If absolute neutrophil count(ANC) is less than 1500/mm3 or shows signs of agranulocytosis discontinue and notify the provider immediately.

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6
Q

What is clozapine best used for

A

Schizophrenia

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7
Q

What is EPS

A

A group of movement disorders than can occur as side effects of antipsychotic medications especially the TYPICAL HIGH-POTENCY ones such as haloperidol

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8
Q

What are the early symptoms of EPS

A

-Restlessness
-Muscle rigidity
-Tremors

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of EPS

A

-Acute dystonia-rapid onset of muscle spasm(treat with Benadryl)
-Akathisia-feeling of inner restlessness
-Parkinsonism-set of symptoms that resembles Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

What causes EPS

A

Antipsychotic medications(1st gen)

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11
Q

What are the nursing interventions for EPS

A

-Assess for early symptoms
-Monitor vitals and respiratory status
-Administer anticholinergic meds and benzodiazepines as ordered
-Implement fall precautions

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12
Q

what is Tardive Dyskinesia

A

A movement disorder that can occur as a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic meds, especially TYPICAL HIGH-POTENCY ones such as haloperidol

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13
Q

What are the early symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia

A

-Involuntary movements of tongue, lips, and jaw
-May progress to involve the limbs and trunk

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14
Q

What causes Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Long term use of antipsychotic meds

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15
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Tardive Dyskinesia

A

-Assess for early symptoms using AIMS
-Monitor vitals and respiratory status
-Evaluate medication regimen regularly
-Consider switching to a lower potency antipsychotic med
-DC med if Tardive Dyskinesia develops

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16
Q

What is Hepatotoxicity

A

Rare but serious adverse drug reactions can be caused by several classes of psychotropic medications(psychotropic -relating to drugs that affect a person’s mental state)

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17
Q

What are the early signs of Hepatotocity

A

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Abdominal pain
-Fatigue
-Jaundice

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18
Q

What causes Hepatotoxicity

A

-Mood stabilizers
-Antipsychotics
-Benzodiazepines

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19
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Hepatotoxicity

A

-Monitor liver function tests(LFTs)
-Obtain baseline LFTs before stating med
-Educate pt about signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity
-Advise pt to avoid alcohol and other hepatoxic meds
-Report any symptoms to HCP immediately

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20
Q

What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome(NMS)

A

A rare bur potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a side effect of antipsychotic meds especially HIGH-POTENCY ones such as haloperidol

21
Q

What are the early symptoms of NMS

A

-Fever
-Muscle rigidity
-Altered mental status
-Tachycardia

22
Q

What causes NMS

A

Antipsychotic meds

23
Q

What are the nursing interventions of NMS

A

-Monitor Vital signs and respiratory status
-Implement cooling measures
-Administer muscle relaxants, anticholinergics, and benzodiazepines as ordered
-Provide emotional support and reassurance
-Discontinue medication

24
Q

What is a Serotonin Syndrome

A

A rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by several classes of psychotropic meds

25
Q

What are the early signs of Serotonin Syndrome

A

-Agitation
-Confusion
-Tachycardia
-Hyperthermia
-Diaphoresis
-Myoclonus(a quick jerking movement that you can’t control)
-Shivering

26
Q

What causes Serotonin Syndrome

A

-Antidepressants
-Atypical antipsychotics
-Certain Opioids( tramadol, and meperidine- because they increase serotonin)
-Migraine meds(triptans)

27
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Serotonin syndrome

A

-Monitor Vital signs and respiratory status
-Implement cooling measures
-Administer serotonin-blocking meds, benzodiazepines, and supportive measures as ordered
-Educate pt about the importance of not taking multiple serotonergic meds or supplements
-Monitor pt at least 24hr after discontinuing serotonergic meds
-Discontinue the medication

28
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A

A rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by anticonvulsant medications such as lamotrigine.

29
Q

What are the early signs of Steven-Johnsons Syndrome

A

-Flu-like symptoms
-Rash
-Blistering
-Mucous membrane involvement

30
Q

What causes Steven-Johnsons syndrome

A

Mood stabilizers(Lamotrigine, carbamazepine)

31
Q

What are the nursing interventions for Steven-Johnsons syndrome

A

-Obtain baseline skin and eye exams before starting the med
-Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of rash or blistering
-Educate pt about signs and symptoms of stevens-johnson syndrome
-Discontinue med and notify the provider immediately if symptoms occur

32
Q

What medications treat depression

A

ANTIDEPRESSANTS
MAOIS- Phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Tricyclics-amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine
SSRI-fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram
SNRI-Venlafaxine, duloxetine, desvenlafaxine

33
Q

Which antidepressants treat anxiety disorder

A

ALL Anti-depressants except MAOIs

34
Q

What causes Tyramine sensitivity, hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome

A

Antidepressants(MAOIs)

35
Q

What causes Anticholinergic effects, cardiotoxicity, and lethal overdose

A

Antidepressants(Tricyclics)

36
Q

What causes serotonin syndrome, sexual dysfunction, suicidality

A

Antidepressants(SSRI)

37
Q

What causes discontinuation syndrome, serotonin syndrome, and HTN

A

Antidepressants(SNRIs)

38
Q

What do Benzodiazepines(-Zepam and Zolam) treat

A

-Anxiety disorders
-Insomnia
-Alcohol withdrawal

39
Q

What do NON-Benzodiazepines HYPNOTICS(Zolipidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon) treat

A

Insomnia

40
Q

What are the common side effects of Benzodiazepines and NON-Benzodiazepines

A

-Dependence
-Sedation
-Drug interactions
Only difference is benzos have withdrawal as side effect

41
Q

What do mood stabilizers(Lithium, lamotrigine and carbamazepine) treat

A

Bipolar disorder

42
Q

What the signs of lithium toxicity

A

Avoiding Dehydration,
Sodium intake
Thyroid monitoring

43
Q

What does lamotrigine cause

A

steven jonsons syndrome

44
Q

What do TYPICAL Antipsychotics(chlopramazine,haloperidol,fluphenazine) treat

A

Schizophrenia
Manic episodes
Aggression

45
Q

What causes EPS, Tardive Dyskenesia, NMS

A

Typical Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Fluphenazine

46
Q

What does ATYPICAL Antipsychotics (Aripiprazole, clozapine, risperidone) treat

A

Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Depression
Tourettes syndrome
Autism

47
Q

What causes Metabolic effects, NMS, agranulocytosis(clozipine)

A

ATYPICAL Antipsychotics
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Risperidone

48
Q

What do CNS stimulants(methylphenidate, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine) treat

A

ADHD
Narcolepsy

49
Q

What causes abuse potential, anorexia/WL, Insomnia

A

CNS stimulant
-Methylphenidate
-Amphetamine
-Dextroamphetamine

Mental (3 decks)

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