Psychiatric Illnesses

Question 1

What is fregoli delusion?

Answer 1

“Delusion of doubles” A person holds a belief that different people are actually a single person who is in disguise. (Often of paranoid nature)

Question 2

What causes fregoli delusion? How can it be treated?

Answer 2

Delusions r/t to antiparkinsonism medications (Levodopa)

Treatment: antipsychotics

Question 3

What is Dementia?

Answer 3

Chronic, progressive neurocognitive impairment
Not a “normal” part of aging
Early onset: before 65yrs
Late onset: age 65+

Question 4

Risk factors for Dementia and its treatment?

Answer 4

Advancing age #1
Treatment: irreversible, currently incurable
Protective factors (prevention is key)
-physical activity
-social & mental activities
-stress reduction
-moderate alcohol intake

Question 5

What is delirium?

Answer 5

Acute, disorder that develops over a short period of time and is characterized by fluctuating consciousness and attention
Reversible**

Question 6

Common causes of delirium?

Answer 6

Inflammation, infection (UTI, URTI), F&E imbalances, medications
Complicating factors: 
advancing age
dementia
brain damage/trauma

Question 7

Treatment of delirium?

Answer 7

Treat underlying factor

Early dx & tx = key!!

Question 8

What is Factitious Disorder?

Answer 8

Patient voluntarily stimulates or produce signs & symptoms of a disease, where the patient’s main intention is to assume the patient role (“Munchhausen Syndrome”)

Question 9

What is Somatization Disorder?

Answer 9

A type of somatoform disorder characterized by multiple, diffuse, somatic symptoms that cannot be explained adequately based on physical & laboratory examinations

Question 10

What is hypochondriasis?

Answer 10

Preoccupation for 6 months or more with a fear/idea of having serious disease, which is based on the misinterpretation of bodily symptoms.
*The fear persists despite negative medical findings & physicians reassurance

Question 11

What is conversion disorder?

Answer 11

occurs when one or more symptoms are suggestive of neurologic dysfunction (ex. blindness, deafness, paralysis, seizures)
*Symptoms are typically preceded by a stressful event

Question 12

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 12

type of chronic mental illness in which you can’t stop thinking about a flaw in your appearance. (either minor or imagined)

Question 13

What is the 3 cluster C personality disorders?

Answer 13

1. Avoidant Personality Disorder
2. Dependent PD
3. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
   * All 3 characterized by anxiousness/fearfulness

Question 14

What is Diogenes Syndrome?

Answer 14

A rare condition where a person (usually elderly person) fails to look after there personal cleanliness and hygiene.

• untidy
• hoard rubbish
• self-neglect (nutritional deficiencies)

Question 15

What is Cluster A Personality Traits? What disorders are they?

Answer 15

Odd, eccentric*

1. Paranoid personality disorder
2. Schizoid personality disorder
3. Schizotypical Personality disorder

Question 16

What is Paranoid personality disorder?

Answer 16

Characterized by pervasive distrust, hostility, and suspicion of other people
Assume people are out to harm/take advantage of them

Question 17

Schizoid personality Disorder?

Answer 17

Pervasive pattern of:
1. Social detachment
2. Restricted range of emotional detachment
(socially isolated, emotionally detached)

Question 18

Schizotypical personality disorder?

Answer 18

Pervasive patter of social & interpersonal limitations
(experience perceptual/cognitive distortions and/or eccentric behaviour)
(odd or superstitious beliefs)

Question 19

What is reduplicative syndrome?

Answer 19

a delusional belief that a place or location has been duplicated (may experience duplication in all 3 spheres of orientation (person, place, time)
*Bases judgement of their present location on recollections from the past

Question 20

Phallometric Testing

Answer 20

Provides objective information about male sexual interests.

• Useful for identifying deviant sexual interests by measuring penile circumference in response to both appropriate and deviant sexual stimuli
• important assessment & treatment of male sex offenders

Question 21

Bigorexia

Answer 21

Body image disorder principally experienced by males
-fear about one’s body size
-often take drugs to increase body size
-dissatisfaction with percieved body image
Treatment: SSRIs & CBT

Question 22

What is avoidant personality disorder?

Answer 22

• too sensitive for criticism
• avoidance of social interactions
• social inhibition, timidity, & isolation

Question 23

Dependent personality disorder?

Answer 23

Excessive dependence on others & feels the need to be taken care of
Submissive or clingy behaviour

Question 24

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Answer 24

Preoccupation with details, orderliness & rules

Extreme perfectionism, resulting in dysfunction & distress when perfection is not achieved